Home April 2015

April 2015

Editor’s Desk

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I know I do. As soon as I start hearing about a currency crisis in a country I can’t even pronounce, I usually flip the channel to The Andy Griffith Show re-runs. It’s not that I’m cold and apathetic.  I just struggle connecting what’s going on in a vowel-less nation to my own life.

Truth be told, I sometimes feel that way about the wind industry also. Now, I know we’re going to see each other in a little over a month, so before you make a  note on your WINDPOWER show planner to hunt me down and give me an earful, let me explain.

Wind Systems is based out of a suburb of Birmingham, Alabama, about as far as anyone could get from a wind turbine here in the U.S. If you’re deathly afraid of wind turbines, this is where you come to live an anxiety-free life (provided you’re not equally as afraid of mosquitoes the size of several endangered species of predatory birds).

In that environment, it’s easy to begin to feel like you’re out-of-touch, like you’re so far separated from the action that it can’t possibly affect or influence your life.

Then it hits me. The wind industry is relevant in Alabama because Wind Systems  is in Alabama. It’s relevant here because of the manufacturing facilities located here, and the support industries located here.

I begin to think about a local event I attended last year advocating a stronger renewables presence in Alabama. I think about the group I recently encountered that is sponsoring a student turbine design competition in the Huntsville area. I think about how Alabama Power just last year signed one of the largest power purchase agreements on record. I think about how the recent approval of a HVDC transmission line is paving the way for wind power to travel to all parts of the Southeast — including Alabama.

This is all happening because of the advances that have already happened in the wind energy industry. Somehow, I had lost perspective on that. In regaining that perspective, I also revitalized my resolve.

Beyond the Deep South, I think it’s easy for any of us in this industry to lose perspective, especially when things honestly aren’t going that well.

In a few short weeks, we’ll meet in Orlando for WINDPOWER 2015. In the past, I’ve talked about how this event often serves to give us the kick in the pants we need to regain our perspective and renew our purpose. Now, I’m wondering how much more beneficial it would be if we all took the time to assess and clarify our perspective before we arrive in Orlando.  

As always, thanks for reading…

AWEA WINDPOWER 2015

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Companies and individuals representing the global utility scale wind energy industry will gather once more next month, as the American Wind Energy Association hosts its annual WINDPOWER Conference & Exhibition — this time at the Orange County Convention Center in Orlando, Florida.

The event, to be held May 18-21, is the preeminent annual gathering of the utility-scale wind energy industry in North America, and provides stakeholders within the industry opportunities to share and address thoughts, concerns, and challenges surrounding the industry, both in the present and going forward.

As in years past, WINDPOWER 2015 is dually centered around an educational program as well as an industry exhibition. However, attendees can take advantage of additional training, networking, and recreational events, all of which coincide with the conference and exhibition.

WINDPOWER 2015 officially kicks off Monday, May 18 at 4:00 p.m. with the Opening Reception in the Orange County Convention Center’s South exhibit halls.

Conference
Tuesday, May 19 marks the official start to the conference, beginning at 8:30 a.m. with the opening general session, featuring AWEA CEO Tom Kiernan and opening keynote speaker Lisa Davis, member of the Managing Board of Siemens AG, Power and Gas, Wind Power and Renewables, and Power Generation Services.

Davis, a recent appointment to Siemens board, is expected to give a presentation on how the recent dip in the price of oil will affect renewable power generation methods, wind in particular.

A panel of prominent leaders from varied segments of the wind industry will take the general session stage on Wednesday to discuss trends and challenges currently facing the wind industry, as well as strategies for the future.

Also during Wednesday’s general session, best-selling author and marketing professor Jonah Berger will deliver a second keynote address, educating WINDPOWER participants on understanding how and why certain thoughts, products, and gain exponential growth and acceptance, to the point of “going viral.”

Berger is the author of “Contagious: Why Things Catch On”, a best-selling examination of the power of word of mouth advertising. Through sharing insights of his research, the intent of Berger’s presentation is to equip the wind energy community with the skills and thought processes necessary to carry the message of the U.S. wind energy industry to new heights.

The closing general session on Thursday, May 21, will feature a forum with executives from the wind energy industry’s leading large turbine manufacturers.

This year’s WINDPOWER 2015 conference sessions, as has been the case in years past, will feature topics of general interest, as well as sessions that are narrow in focus, and aimed at specific segments within the industry.  Attendees are given the options of 20 individual sessions and four Power Sessions from which they can tailor their WINDPOWER conference experience.

Technical training sessions which require separate registration from the general conference are offered throughout the day on Monday.

Exhibition
Serving as an opportunity for business and overall industry development, AWEA has gathered hundreds of companies involved in the wind energy industry to participate in the exhibition portion of WINDPOWER 2015. Exhibitors from around the world will be on hand to showcase their services, products, and projects.

The exhibit hall will be open from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. on Tuesday and Wednesday, and from 9:00 a.m. until 1:30 p.m. on Thursday.

Registration
Those who wish to register to exhibit or attend WINDPOWER 2015, are invited to do so online at www.windpowerexpo.org. Registrants have multiple attendance options, ranging from single-day conference or exhibition passes up to the VIP conference pass. Registration price schedules vary depending on date of registration and AWEA membership status.

Special Events & Networking
In addition to the conference and exhibition, networking opportunities and special events will be held during the week of WINDPOWER 2015.

Wind turbine manufacturer Suzlon is once again sponsoring the WINDPOWER 2015 Golf Open at Walt Disney World on Monday, May 18 starting at 7:00 a.m. Proceeds from the event benefit the Wind Energy Foundation.

On Tuesday, May 19, beginning at 4:30 p.m. participants are invited to join in Exhibition Happy Hour in the exhibit hall. Extended booth receptions follow from 6–8 p.m. on Tuesday only.

On Wednesday, May 20, beginning at 4:30 p.m., educational poster authors will be on hand in the exhibition hall to discuss their scholarship. Those with registered access to the exhibition hall are invited to attend the discussions.

This year’s conference dinner, held on Wednesday, May 20, is another networking opportunity for WINDPOWER attendees. The dinner, with the theme “An Exclusive Night in Old Havana” will be held from 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. at Cuba Libre Restaurant and Rum Bar. The conference dinner attendance is a separately ticketed event, and is not included with show registration.  

** The full conference schedule for WINDPOWER 2015 can be found on page 48 of this issue.

For more information about WINDPOWER 2015, including education, registration, exhibitors, travel and housing information, sponsors, and special events, visit www.windpowerexpo.org.

DOE Unveils Updated Wind Vision Report

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The U.S. Department of Energy has released a new report looking at the future of wind power through 2050 and the economic benefits that come with a robust wind industry. The report, “Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States,” confirms that with technological advancements driving projected cost reductions, in combination with continued siting and transmission development, wind power can be economically deployed to provide renewable power in all 50 states.

The report highlights the importance of wind in the nation’s energy portfolio and how critical it is to advance wind’s position in the energy marketplace to maintain the nation’s existing wind manufacturing infrastructure and economic benefits. The report includes a roadmap that defines actions needed to realize the substantial economic and social benefits of a robust wind energy future. Through continued cost reductions and further investments in wind energy systems, wind power is projected to be directly competitive with conventional energy technologies within the next decade.

In 2013, an estimated total of more than 50,000 American jobs were supported by wind investments. The report projects that wind could support more than 600,000 jobs by 2050 in industries such as construction, engineering, transportation, manufacturing, operations, maintenance, and supporting services.

While the wind industry is maturing, many future actions and efforts remain critical to further advancement of domestic wind energy. Continued technology development is essential to reducing costs in the near term and maximizing savings in the long term. This report not only sets the scene for the future of the wind industry, but also defines a roadmap of actions the wind energy industry and the research community can take to optimize wind’s potential contribution to the nation’s energy portfolio.

For more information on the Energy Department’s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, or the Wind Program specifically, visit www.energy.gov/eere.

— Source: U.S. Depament of Energy

Wind Power Led New U.S. Electric Generation In 2014

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American wind power added significantly more new electricity than any other resource in 2014, according to U.S. Department of Energy data released in early March.

Wind power generated 4.4 percent of all the electricity in America in 2014 and maintained its position as the fifth largest electricity source in the U.S., according to the latest data from the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Energy Information Administration (EIA). Iowa led the nation by producing 28.5 percent of its electricity from wind power, followed by South Dakota at 25.3 percent and Kansas at 21.7. Wind energy provided more than 15 percent of electricity in a total of seven states, more than 10 percent in a total of nine states, and more than five percent in a total of 19 states.

All renewable energy sources including hydropower now deliver more than 13 percent of the nation’s electricity, with wind energy providing more than one-third of that total. Chart Source

“The U.S. is blessed with an abundant supply of wind energy. Pairing this homegrown resource with continued technology innovation has made the U.S. the home of the most productive wind turbines in the world,” said Emily Williams, Deputy Director of Industry Data and Analysis for AWEA. Analysis released last year found the U.S. is number one in the world in wind energy production.

“Having more clean, affordable wind power than ever is helping to keep the lights on for U.S. homes and businesses,” said Tom Kiernan, CEO of the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). “We have an opportunity to have even more of the U.S. reliably powered by wind, resulting in more well-paying jobs, more benefits for consumers and cleaner air.”

Wind energy’s growth has been driven by technological improvements and cost declines that have reduced the cost of wind energy by more than half over the last five years, as documented by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

In 2014, wind provided enough electricity to power the equivalent of 16.7 million homes, or all the residential households in Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, and Montana. Once recently added U.S. wind projects have had a full year of production, total wind output will likely rise to powering the equivalent of 18 million homes. Figure 1

Congress is currently faced with the decision to extend the Production Tax Credit (PTC), the primary federal tax incentive for wind energy. The PTC’s performance-based incentive is a primary reason why U.S. wind plants are more productive than those in other countries. Construction of new U.S. wind farms has driven an average of $12.2 billion a year in private investment over the last five years, and $100 billion since 2008.

Texas broke into the top 10 states for percentage of the state’s electricity supplied by wind. The main Texas grid, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT), generated 10.6 percent of its electricity from wind in 2014. Texas continued to lead the U.S. with the most wind installed wind capacity, as well as the most electricity generated from wind energy – over 39 million megawatts-hours, enough to power more than 3.6 million homes. At times, wind energy has provided nearly 40 percent of the electricity on the main Texas grid, and over 60 percent of electricity on the main Colorado power system.

Texas, Iowa, California and Oklahoma all generated enough electricity to power more than 1 million homes. Figure 2

The U.S. will tap into more of its wind power resources this year, and in years ahead, as the U.S. wind energy industry entered 2015 with a record of more than 13,000 MW of wind projects under construction. Construction activity is currently ongoing in 22 states.

Wind power is emerging as a critical solution for states and utilities to cost-effectively reduce pollution, which will help comply with pending EPA rules. In 2014, the U.S. wind fleet reduced carbon dioxide pollution by around 125 million metric tons, equivalent to 26 million cars worth of carbon emissions. Figure 3

“Wind has more than tripled since 2008, it can double from where it is today to 10 percent by 2020, then double again to 20 percent by 2030, and become the leading source of electricity in the U.S. by 2050,” said AWEA’s Kiernan. “However, to get there Congress must provide wind with the same policy certainty it provides to other energy sources by rapidly extending the Production Tax Credit for as long as possible.”

The DOE is expected to release a new report this month titled, “Wind Vision: A New Era for Wind Power in the United States,” that will show how the U.S. can reach those goals. In a 2010 study, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory reported that the U.S. has over 10 million megawatts of viable wind resource potential, enough to power the equivalent of the nation’s total electricity needs 10 times over.

As wind energy has grown to provide a larger share of our electricity mix, wind turbine technology has matured so that modern wind plants are able to provide the same grid reliability services as conventional generators, as documented in an AWEA report released last month.

American wind power now supports well-paying manufacturing jobs at over 500 manufacturing facilities in 43 states, and 50,000 well-paying jobs. Wind farms deliver over $180 million a year to landowners in lease payments, as over 98 percent of wind projects are located on private land.  

— Source: American Wind Energy Association

Thousands Attend EWEA OFFSHORE 2015 In Denmark

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Over 8,000 delegates from 54 countries descended on Copenhagen this year to attend the EWEA OFFSHORE 2015 event at the Bella Center — the world’s largest offshore wind energy conference and exhibition.

In addition to more than 430 exhibitors, the event saw keynote speeches from high-level political and industry players on the state of Europe’s offshore wind industry and the continent’s energy mix at large.

The central theme of the event tackled one of the most pressing issues for the offshore wind business today — cost reduction. Three of the biggest players on the European offshore wind stage — DONG Energy, MHI Vestas Offshore Wind and Siemens Wind Power — launched an initiative at the event called United Industry. The declaration aims to spark joint and collective actions across the whole of the value chain to deliver long-term reductions in the cost of offshore wind.

The event played host to the Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and six ministers from four different Member States including the Deputy Prime Minister of Denmark Morten Ostergaard; Denmark’s Foreign Minister Martin Lidegaard; Denmark’s Minister for Climate, Energy and Building Rasmus Helveg Petersen; Sweden’s Energy Minister Ibrahim Baylan; Ireland’s Research and Innovation Minister Damien English; and the Latvian Economy Minister Dana Reizniece-Ozola, whose country also holds the EU Council Presidency.

Over 100 journalists from the mainstream, trade and B2B media attended the event to speak with delegates and experts on a variety of different topics.

The three-day event provided an excellent showcase and networking opportunity for EWEA’s members to speak with policymakers, media and industry partners alike while also enjoying a wide range of plenary sessions and workshops.

— Source:  EWEA

RenewableUK And EWEA Combine Efforts For 2017 Offshore Conference

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The first ever joint offshore wind conference organized by EWEA and RenewableUK was announced in March. Offshore Wind Energy 2017 will take place in London on June 6–8, 2017, and will take the place of RenewableUK’s annual event and the biannual EWEA OFFSHORE event. The announcement was made at EWEA OFFSHORE 2015 in Copenhagen.

Offshore Wind Energy 2017 is expected to attract up to 12,000 wind industry players to the UK, with 70 percent of delegates expected to come from outside the UK. It is expected to be the world’s largest offshore wind energy conference and exhibition.

“We are delighted that Offshore Wind Energy 2017 is coming to London,” said Maria McCaffery, CEO of RenewableUK. “As the UK is the world-leader in the offshore wind industry, it makes sense for RenewableUK and EWEA to collaborate on this first-of-a-kind joint event.”

EWEA CEO Thomas Becker similarly praised the joint effort. “The UK is already the global goliath of the offshore wind industry and there is still so much left to play for. The UK is sitting on a goldmine when it comes to offshore wind and that is why we are very much looking forward to teaming up with RenewableUK for Offshore Wind Energy 2017 in London.”

— Source: EWEA

Changes In Arc Flash PPE Requirements For 2015

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** Disclaimer: Although Jim White is a member of the NFPA Technical Committee for NFPA 70E “Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace,” NFPA 70 “National Electrical Code” CMP-13, NFPA 70B “Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance” and ASTM F18 “Electrical Protective Equipment For Workers”, the views and opinions expressed here are purely the author’s and shall not be considered an official position of NFPA, ASTM or any of its Technical Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a formal interpretation or promotion of the NFPA or ASTM. The audience is encouraged to refer to the entire text of all referenced documents.

A good electrical safety program is integral to an overall safety plan for a wind energy project.  With the recent updates to the NFPA 70E and OSHA 1910.269 requirements for personal protective equipment, what do wind site operations and maintenance managers and staff need to review?
First of all, let’s talk about why we have these rules.  Electricity can be very toxic if not managed safely, which includes identifying hazards, assessing the risks and implementing appropriate risk controls to avoid or mitigate the possibility of injury to workers or damage to the equipment.  Both the NFPA 70E and the OSHA requirements provide minimum standards for safe working conditions, but they have to be implemented and the electrical workers need to be well trained and managed.  Mistakes can be extremely serious.

There have been some critical changes in several areas that might affect the choice of PPE.  Those changes include how arc flash boundaries are calculated, labeling requirements and what equipment must be rated and labeled.  Operators and maintenance personnel need to clearly understand the requirements and make sure the company policies are current and the equipment labels are still valid.  One obvious change is that the prohibited approach category has been removed as it was confusing and provided no additional insight into the choice of PPE.  Both the limited approach and the restricted approach categories are still used. The good news is that no new PPE is required to meet the update.

EQUIPMENT LABELING
Any electrical device that is likely to be inspected, serviced, or maintained while energized should display the arc flash warning label. This includes switchboards, motor or generator control centers, drives and converters, panel boards, transformers, and motor and generator terminal boxes —really almost anything with a wires and a door.

LABEL INFORMATION
At a minimum, these arc flash warning labels should display: the nominal voltage of the equipment; the arc flash boundary; and some information regarding the PPE requirements — minimum rating, site-specific levels, incident energy at a specific distance, or the specific PPE from the standards.  Most labels also include equipment identification and some information on what protection is upstream in the system. Older labels might be acceptable if they contain the incident energy information or specify the required level of PPE.  However — and this is important — if the review of the incident energy analysis indicates that the label is inaccurate, it must be updated. Labels that are illegible due to fading, wear, or damage must also be replaced. Remember, the owner of the electrical equipment is responsible for the documentation, installation, and maintenance of the label, as well as for documenting the data and the method of calculation. Figure 1

CHOOSING THE PROPER PPE
Protection equipment selection should follow one of two methods: referencing the information on label, or, if no incident energy analysis has been performed, from the tables included in the NFPA70E standard. One of the changes for 2015 is regarding use of the tables. There are only two conditions for electrical equipment. The first condition is if no arc flash hazard protective clothing and PPE is mandated; the second condition is if use of those items is mandated.  Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a) uses the phrase “Arc Flash PPE Required,” but that may not be accurate.  Since NFPA 70E sets minimum requirements, it is better to say arc flash PPE is not mandated.  It may be required, even though the table indicates it is not. The note at the bottom of Table 130.7(C)(15)(A)(a) states: “The assessment of the likelihood of occurrence contained in this table does not cover every possible condition or situation. Where this table indicates that arc flash PPE is not required, an arc flash is not likely to occur.”  This is very important, as the committee is stating they cannot foresee every possible scenario or condition and the worker had better assess the situation when choosing his arc-rated clothing and PPE.  One of the key phrases in the note is “not likely,”  which does not mean “can’t” or “won’t.”  I would advise workers to wear arc-rated clothing and PPE if they have any doubts about the condition of the equipment, if it’s a larger frame circuit breaker (anything or 600A or 800A), or if they just have an uneasy feeling about things. Lying in a burn unit with tubes and hoses coming out of you is not where we want our workers to be. Figure 2

One of the biggest positives I see in the new table method is that there is no reduction in the level of PPE based on perceived risk. This eliminates the potential for a worker being under-protected due to a reduction in the category of clothing based on risk. It is also critical that the equipment is properly installed and maintained for these standards to apply. In order to use the table method, the equipment must be installed and maintained in accordance with applicable industry codes and standards as well as the manufacturer’s recommendations. Possibly even more important is the fact that any evidence of impending failure, such as signs of arcing, overheating, loose or bound equipment parts, visible damage, deterioration, or other damage. All covers and doors must be in place and properly secured, as well.

ASSESSING EQUIPMENT OPERATING CONDITION
It is common industry practice is to apply labels with the date and overall condition when the equipment is tested and maintained in the field to help the employee assess overall electrical equipment maintenance status. Remember, none of these standards apply if the equipment is not operating properly. A good testing and maintenance program is critical to maintaining a safe workplace. Workers should also bear in mind that the further from the date the calibration or test label is, the more likely there is to be a problem with the equipment. Figure 3

OSHA 1910.269
OSHA 1910.269 applies to most of the balance of plant in a wind farm, as it specifically pertains to utilities.  A lot of the changes are to improve consistency with OSHA 1926 Subpart V, which was also updated. The changes include how information is managed between the wind farm operator and contractor, fall protection, minimum approach distances, arc flash hazard assessment and, of course arc flash protective clothing and other PPE. It states clearly that employers must identify employees who may be exposed to arc flash hazards and to make a reasonable estimate of the incident energy. This requirement went into effect on January 1.

Under the new requirements, outermost clothing must be arc rated if the nominal voltage is above 600V; if an arc incident might ignite or melt clothing; or if the incident energy is greater than 2 cal/cm2. There are also clear requirements for hand, foot, head, and face protection. This goes into effect on April 1, 2015. My recommendation is to use the NFPA 70E guidelines on incident energy exposure, instead of the 2 cal/cm2 used by .269. Numerous studies have shown that above 1.2 cal/cm2 full-on second degree burns occur, increasing the likelihood of infection. Someone who has suffered wide-area burns does not need to have infection set in.

IN CONCLUSION
Those of us in the electrical industry take shock, arc flash and arc blast hazards very seriously. Injuries are becoming less common, but the risks are still real. Well designed and clearly written safety programs, including strict adherence to lock out/tag out rules, is the best way to keep your employees going home in the same shape as they came to work.  Add to that a strong worker training and awareness plan and we can all stay safe.

Honeywell, Miller Fall Protection Announces Upcoming Training Course Schedule

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Honeywell recently announced the 2015 open enrollment Miller fall prevention and protection training schedule. This comprehensive offering of fall prevention and protection classes is part of the Honeywell Safety Institute, an initiative aimed at providing educational tools, resources, and training programs that inspire workers to implement good safety practices in industries around the globe.

The schedule includes fall protection, safety at heights, OSHA and confined space training courses in more than 30 cities throughout the U.S. and Canada, as well as courses at state-of-the-art Honeywell training facilities in Franklin, Pennsylvania, and Houston, Texas. A complete listing of training courses is available at http://hwll.co/millerfalltraining.

All open enrollment training courses feature experienced instructors, live demonstrations and hands-on training. Course goals include enabling employees working at heights to recognize fall hazards, evaluating the risk posed by each hazard, and controlling the hazard through preventive or protective measures. The sessions are further customized by location to address site-specific variables and performance requirements of fall prevention and protection.

Topics include:
• At-Height Training, including Fall Protection Rescue, Advanced Fall Protection Rescue, and Competent Tower Climber
• Competent Person Training
• Fall Protection Inspection Training
• Confined Space Training, including Confined Space & Confined Space Entry, and Confined Space Rescue
• OSHA Training, including Construction, General Industry, and Residential Fall Protection training
• Train the Trainer, including Fall Protection Train the Trainer, Wind Energy Train the Trainer, and Confined Space Train the Trainer
• Wind Energy Training, including Basic Height Safety and Competent Climber

— Source: Honeywell/Miller Fall Protection

Profile: Elk River, Inc.

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In 1988, Cullman, Alabama-based Elk River started a modest manufacturing operation with twelve products and a handful of employees producing safe, quality products. Today, the company has grown to employ more than sixty workers, who manufacture and ship more than 1,600 line items around the globe.

Elk River’s operating philosophy is built on the traditional value taking pride in the quality of work that goes into the products they make. Elk River employees are advised to perform all aspects of their jobs as if their own loved ones were going to put the product to the ultimate test. Each employee, regardless of job position, has both the authority and the responsibility to stop production on any product if they feel that product does not meet the highest standards of quality and reliability.

Although Elk River’s catalog of personal safety products is extensive, the company maintains a constant product development process. That process involves envisioning and designing new products to bring to market, as well as improving upon exiting products in the company’s portfolio.

Bringing customer input into the development process, Elk River has the capability to work with special requests. These products fall under the direction and supervision of Elk River’s R&D team, and are diligently researched, tested, and approved to ensure the same quality standard as all of the company’s products. If there is any question about the safety or reliability of a product, the company simply will not make it.

Such a commitment to quality standards requires that Elk River take a proactive stance in maintaining a high level of manufacturing technology — both in equipment and manufacturing processes. To that end, Elk River either adds to or updates its existing manufacturing equipment fleet annually. The goal is to streamline its manufacturing processes while maintaining its unwavering commitment to quality.

Maintaining that high level of quality and reliability means that products must be thoroughly tested to ensure they comply with safety standards. Elk River has on-site testing facilities that are as modern as other facilities anywhere in the world. At its  test facility, the company has the capabilities of testing to any standard from any country. All of its products either meet or exceed the following applicable standards as product labeling specifies: OSHA regulations, ANSI Standards, CSA Standards, and other applicable standards at time of manufacturing.

The Elk River shipping goal is to ship standard stock products within 24 hours of receiving a customer’ order, while the shipping goal for items that are not in stock is typically 8 – 10 working days from receiving a customer’s order.

Elk River views the manufacturing its line of safety products as a marriage of science and art. The science requires research, testing, and methods. The art to designing products is characterized by how the product feels, wears, and looks. For Elk River, the art represents its traditional values; the science reflects its use of technology.

(800) 633-3954 www.elkriver.com

 

Conversation with Pete Fuller

Torkworx is well-established in the wind industry here in the U.S. What are some of the services that the company offers the industry?

We started out with strictly repair and calibration services for all types of torque and tension systems.  Torkworx is an ISO9001 and ISO17025 accredited company so our ability to competently perform these type of repair services brought huge growth to our in-house service and our calibration department.  Over the last few years we have expanded into on-site services as well.  Originally just base bolt tension rechecks because we knew that our technical expertise and our advanced technology would provide a huge benefit to the market on an application that a highly trained Wind Tech really doesn’t need to be wasting his time on.

Torkworx provides Bolting Techs, not Wind Techs.  Our guys understand the complex nature of a mechanical joint and are experts in that field.  We are so proficient at the base bolt recheck services that we are able to complete a 10% check within 15 minutes and 100-percent check within an hour.  Most recently we have expanded to up-tower bolting services as well. The market has embraced the idea of having a “Bolting Specific” service delivered for maintenances.  Again, Torkworx Techs are Bolting Techs that can safely climb, not wind techs.  And they are so good at what they do that the owner/operator realizes instant value since we can complete these applications much faster and with better results.  When you have that laser focus on a specific task and you have thousands of these applications successfully completed you get real good at it and the customer sees the results from Day One when we have the bolting done in ½ the time they are accustom to.

I understand the company has grown rather rapidly. To what do attribute that expansion?

Our growth has been due to our attention to customer requirements and our ability to deliver an unbiased assessment of the solution.  We are always looking at better and more effective ways to deliver better results.  We do this with a clear vision of the customer’s goals and we make it our goal.  Whether we are discussing tooling packages, onsite services or custom applications.

What are some of the challenges that the wind industry is facing regarding torque and tensioning?

As the WTG technology gets bigger there will be challenges with providing viable torque and tension systems that are safe, portable, lightweight, fast and easy to use.  The larger these WTGs get the bigger the tooling has to get.  As we they get larger, the fasteners get larger and ultimately the tooling has to get larger.  Additionally, validating the load left in the fastener during break-ins and maintenances will be more difficult as well.  Insuring that the fasteners are tightened to the right specification and that the load properly remains in the fastener.

What are some of the current or emerging technologies that Torkworx employs to meet those challenges?

I can’t speak of emerging technologies because we have a lot of due diligence to complete before we are ready to take a technology to market.  But I can say that the new ERAD-BLU Series along with the ERAD-S Series will provide an enormous amount of value to the market.  We will stop using power to torque conversion and start using real time torque measurement to complete our torque cycles.  This means that we will know in real time exactly what torque is introduced to the fastener.  We have always looked for this real time feedback to confirm our scope of work and now New World Technologies has delivered this in the next generation ERAD Systems and their Smart Socket Technology.  So even if the operator is still using older hydraulic wrenches instead of an ERAD System, they can still validate the torque introduced into the fastener using the Smart Socket.  It displays the peak torque for the cycle on a mini LED screen and the data is downloaded using mini HDMI.  We have major OEMs using these systems now and if Torkworx does it’s jobs right we will have Owner Operators requesting this technology at construction and maintenance.

I noticed Torkworx doesn’t advise a “one-size-fits-all” approach to torque and tensioning. Why is that?

Every customer is different just like every application is different.  Our philosophy is to listen.  Listen to the customer desires, to their ultimate goals and find a way to make that happen.  We do a real good job of listening.  And once we know exactly what the customer is looking to accomplish we set out to find the best method or technology to reach that goal.  You can’t do that when you offer a “one-size-fits-all” solution.  That’s why we look at all the best manufacturers and all the best technologies.  We are not married to any single manufacturer because no one does a great job of everything.  We employ the ones that are great at what they do.  And if we can’t find one then we go in-house and find a custom solution that meets the customer requirements.  We have done that many times as well.  Most recently we just completed a specialty project for GE where we used a RAD system to turn an unbalanced rotor during construction.  It took some doing but with the help of New World Technologies and the customer we were able to develop a solution that  delivered the results everyone was looking for.  That’s what makes Torkworx great, our dedicated partners in the industry and the customers that confidently provide those opportunities to us.

What are some of the field services that Torkworx offers?  

We started with base bolts, but now we are doing up tower bolting and some general maintenances as well.  We are more bolting focused but if the customer asks we make every attempt to provide.  Just remember we are not wind techs, we are bolting techs that know how to safely climb and that’s why we are so good at what we do.

Achieving Quality By Calibrating Remote Sensing Devices

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Recent years saw the advance of remote sensing devices (RSD) for measuring wind speed and wind direction in the wind energy sector. Depending on whether an RSD uses either laser or sound technology, the instruments are called LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) or SODAR (SOund Detection And Ranging), respectively. Compared to traditional met masts, these units are easy to install and have a measurement range up to 200 meters —  all without needing a building permit.

Trailing behind this rapid development are the manifestations of internationally accepted standards in the industry with regard to the quality of remote sensing measurements. The development is centered on the revision of the IEC 61400-12-1, ed. 2 [1]. The current version of this standard from 2005 defines the requirements on the usage of cup anemometers in the industry. The revision will likewise define procedures on accuracy assessment of RSDs. The core elements are:    

• Calibration of the used RSD;
• Classification of the used type of RSD;
• Monitoring during the measurement; and
• Complete assessment of the uncertainty of RSD measurements

The calibration of every unit used is necessary to achieve traceability to national standards. Due to their large measurement geometry spanning up to a hundred meters, RSDs cannot be calibrated in wind tunnels. Therefore, a calibration is performed against a conventional met mast equipped with traceably calibrated cup anemometers. Figure 1 depicts the RSD test field of Deutsche WindGuard (DWG) in Northern Germany. The 135-meter-high mast is equipped with cup and sonic anemometers and wind vanes every 20 meters.

Deutsche WindGuard regularly performs calibrations of different RSDs on this test field. Some of the results gained in these calibrations will be presented in this article. In order to illustrate the need for these measurements, DWG made two comparisons. One is between instruments of the same type and one between instruments of different types.

Figure 2 summarizes the results of the calibrations of four LIDAR units of the same type, but of two different series of this type. Shown are the deviations between wind speed measurements made by the RSD and those made by the reference instruments on the mast. All four calibrations were made in the same measurement period with the instruments positioned close to each other; therefore the differences in the results are directly linked to the accuracy of the individual units. Units 3 and 4 are of the same series of the instrument and show the same behavior with significant overestimation of wind speed at lower wind speed. Compared to these two LIDARs, the other two units give lower wind speeds at the same measurement points.

Figure 3 shows a similar comparison between different RSD types, two LIDARs and one SODAR. Compared to the four LIDARs represented in Figure 2, these show more significant over- and/or underestimations of wind speed of several percent higher than the uncertainty of the reference measurement. Each unit was subject to the manufacturer’s factory check prior to calibration. These results clearly show that RSDs cannot be used out of the box without proper establishment of traceability.

The impact of the observed deviations can be illustrated by the application of these results. One main field of application of LIDARs and SODARs are wind resource assessments. Annual energy productions (AEP) are estimated from the measured wind speed distributions. This is done by applying these wind speed distributions to power curves of the planned wind turbine. For example, the AEP is calculated for an annual mean wind speed of 6.5 m/s for a turbine with a rated power of 300 W/m². Table 1 summarizes the difference in AEP relative to an AEP estimated from mast measurements for the seven calibrated LIDAR and SODAR units represented in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The four units of the same LIDAR type shown in Figure 2 differ between -1% and +2% in AEP from mast measurements. The units shown in Figure 3 differ by up to 7 % in AEP from a mast measurement.

These results emphasize the importance of calibration of applied RSDs. Although some units can achieve realistic energy yield estimations, this is not necessarily the case for every unit. Depending on the units used, a difference of up to 7% in estimated energy yield is measured. This difference is much too high, considering that the expected energy yield has a direct impact on the value of a project. Sufficient confidence in the wind measurement can only be gained through calibration of the RSD.

Taking that fact into consideration, two further problems arise. The first is that the calibration is made at a different site, and possibly during a different season, than at the application site. Thus, the atmospheric conditions can vary significantly between calibration and application. Since the measurement accuracy of RSD units can depend on environmental variables like turbulence intensity or wind shear, the draft of the upcoming revision of IEC 61400-12-1, ed. 2 [1] establishes a procedure to quantify the sensitivity of RSDs on environmental variables called classification.

The classification procedure analyzes the measured difference between an RSD and a met mast in dependence of environmental variables like wind shear and turbulence intensity. This results in a sensitivity factor for each variable that quantifies the change in accuracy with a change in this variable. To give an example, we will assume that the accuracy of the LIDAR changes by 2% when the wind shear exponent changes by 1. If such a unit is calibrated with an average wind shear exponent of 0.1 but during the application an average wind shear exponent of 0.2 is observed, an additional uncertainty of 0.2% in wind speed has to be considered in the uncertainty budget.

The second problem is to ensure that the calibration of the unit is valid for the complete measurement, i.e. that there is no drift in instrumental accuracy. The revision draft of IEC6140-12-1 ed. 2 requires that the LIDAR is monitored by a short met mast during the application. With this mast, the verification test is repeated for the common measurement height of the mast and the RSD. If increased deviations between the mast and LIDAR are observed in this second verification, this can be taken as additional uncertainty. As an alternative to the monitoring with a met mast, the German technical guideline TR6 [2] allows monitoring of the measurements being replaced by a second calibration after the application measurements.

The foundation for high quality measurements is laid by following this procedure. During the application, further precautions have to be taken. In particular, the increased measurement uncertainty in complex terrain has to be considered by combining a well-planned position and orientation of the RSD with a sophisticated uncertainty analysis and a potential correction.

In conclusion, high quality wind speed and wind direction measurements can be achieved with RSD’s, as long as they are carefully planned, prepared and performed.  

References:
[1] Commentary Draft IEC 61400-12-1, ed. 2Wind turbines – Part 12-1: Power performance measurements of electricity producing wind turbines, June 2013
[2] FGW, Technical Guideline Part 6, Determination of the Wind Potential and Energy Yields, Revision 9, September 2014

For more information, contact WindGuard North America at (571) 331-7927, or visit them online at www.windguard.com.

DOE Funds Research Of Large Turbine Blade Development

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The U.S. Department of Energy recently announced $1.8 million in funding for the development of larger wind turbine blades that will help capture more power from wind resources and increase the efficiency of wind energy systems. This funding will support the research and development of technological innovations to improve the manufacturing, transportation, and assembly of wind turbine blades longer than 60 meters. Larger blades that can be installed on wind turbines with taller hub heights will help facilitate the deployment of the next generation of multi-megawatt wind turbines.

In December 2014, the Energy Department’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory released maps that illustrate the potential for new wind energy resources that developers could unlock using next-generation wind turbine technologies. These taller turbines accompanied by longer blades have the potential to harness wind power resources from more than one million additional square miles of the United States, roughly triple the amount of developable land that was accessible with turbine technology in 2008. This funding opportunity will help mitigate the transportation and logistical constraints associated with larger turbine blades, helping spur wind energy development in areas of the country where wind resources can be accessed at greater heights, especially in the Southeast.

This effort to develop larger blades complements the Energy Department’s recent award to two companies that are using innovative construction and installation processes to cost-effectively manufacture taller wind turbine towers. It’s part of the Department’s broader Clean Energy Manufacturing Initiative, which aims to increase American competitiveness in the production of clean energy products and boost U.S. manufacturing competitiveness across the board by increasing energy productivity. Continued innovation in wind energy technologies and manufacturing will help push the boundaries of renewable energy deployment further than ever before. As quantified in the Energy Department’s new Wind Vision Report, advancing wind power will help the country achieve the economic, environmental, and social benefits of a robust wind energy future.  

— Source: U.S. Department of Energy  
 

3A Composites Expands New Foam Core Extrusion Line In The U.S.

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Brisk demand and the launch of the new product AIREX T10 stand behind 3A Composites’ decision to invest in a new extrusion line in the U.S. to increase the capacity of its extruded AIREX core materials and spread their production footprint globally.

The company reports that it will further expand the production capacities of its AIREX PET core materials. In addition to the ongoing expansion of the extrusion capacities in Switzerland, the company is now installing a new extrusion line at its U.S. production location, which is to be operational in Q4 2015.

Consistent high demand and the planned growth of current customers as well as new markets and applications are behind the growth plans, which are further fuelled by the introduction of their new product AIREX T10, which is expected to accelerate the growth of extruded PET-based core materials versus other polymer cores. Growth for extruded AIREX core materials is identified in the marine, aerospace and wind energy and markets as well as in the transportation and automotive industry where composites are increasingly used.

“Our new global production set-up with significantly increased capacities will form the basis for the successful growth of our business and our customer base,” Roman Thomassin, CEO of 3A Composites Core Materials, said. “The state-of-the-art production equipment combined with the industrialized direct extrusion technology GEN2 will allow us to offer high-quality PET-based core material solutions at the cost effectiveness and supply flexibility that our markets demand from us, globally.”

Bottle-grade PET-based core materials have been increasingly used in myriad applications. Besides being recyclable and recycled, their growth is mainly attributed to the excellent price/performance ratio in the end application and the simplicity of the material’s application. The material is produced in a continuous extrusion process, which assures a consistent, high quality while offering a very high level of automation.

— Source: 3A Composites

Clemson Center Named Top Energy Construction Project

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The Clemson University SCE&G Energy Innovation Center, located in North Charleston, South Carolina, recently was named Best of the Best construction projects in the nation in the Energy/Industrial category by a national engineering magazine.

Engineering News Record released its national “Best of the Best Projects” winners for 2014, designed to identify the pinnacle of design and construction achievements in the U.S. among projects completed between June 2013 and June 2014.

 The initial call for entries resulted in over 700 project teams submitting their best work to the regional Best Projects competitions. In each of the 10 regions, the editors assembled panels of judges to select the regional winners in 20 categories.

Once the regional winners were chosen, the top winners in each category from each region moved up to the national competition. A new set of judges from across the country examined each project in an effort to distinguish the best in terms of teamwork, safety, overcoming challenges, innovation, and quality.

“It is an incredible honor to receive one of these awards, let alone two, and we are thoroughly pleased to see these amazing projects receive such esteemed industry recognition,” says Millard Choate, President of Choate Construction. “All team members involved on both the Carter’s, Inc. and SCE&G Energy Innovation Center projects should be very proud. Thank you for your dedication and commitment to excellence.”

With a core purpose of speeding innovation to market in the field of wind energy, Clemson University’s SCE&G Energy Innovation Center is the world’s most sophisticated and most powerful wind turbine drivetrain testing equipment. Located in North Charleston, SC, the LEED Gold certified facility was designed by AEC and supports the critical testing of next generation off-shore wind turbines by allowing drive-train manufacturers to simulate over 20 years of rigors faced by the turbine systems at sea in a few months. The SCE&G Energy Innovation Center has also received numerous other awards:

• Project of the Year, Associated Builders and Contractors of the Carolinas
• Eagle Award for Excellence in Construction, Associated Builders and Contractors of the Carolinas
• Best Project for Energy/Industrial, ENR Southeast
• CMAA Project Achievement Awards
• Carolinas AGC Pinnacle Award – Building Category
• ACEC SC Engineering Excellence Award Winner
• Building Team Awards, Gold, BD + C  

— Source: Choate Construction

Expediting Bolted Joint Maintenance With Load-Indicating Fasteners

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In fastening, joint tightness is nearly always associated with the use of a calibrated torque wrench during installation.  However, for any given fastener, the relationship between applied torque and resulting tension is anything but direct. This is no fault of the torque tool, but simply a shortcoming of the method itself; installation torque is not a measure of joint tension, it is purely a measurement of applied tightening effort. The primary reason for this is the influence of friction. When a fastener is tightened to a prescribed torque, this value has been calculated using a targeted clamp load and a nut (friction) factor.  Variations of up to +/- 30% can arise at random with multiple fasteners from the same lot developing varying amounts of friction due to natural surface imperfections.  Even within specification limits, variances in hardness and/or material properties can also impact accuracy.  

These same errors within the torque-tension relationship also exist when verifying or maintaining bolt tightness. In addition, the process takes a lot of time and may result in little to no gain in joint integrity. As an example, say your coffee cup has been sitting for some time after being filled and you don’t want to drink cold coffee. You do not check the temperature first, but rather, you warm it in the microwave for 30 seconds. Without first checking the temperature how do we know if the coffee will be too hot, or just right?  Perhaps it did not need to be heated at all. This may sound elementary, and yet it is exactly what we are doing when we check a joint for tightness with a torque wrench: the tightening process is repeated to ensure that the same tension achieved at installation is maintained. Is the time spent re-tightening actually doing something useful? Using this re-torque method, do we really know if a bolt is loose? Rather we assume they all could be loose and tighten indiscriminately. However, there are means to verify tension in a bolt without putting a wrench on it.

Available methods for measuring bolt tension during and after installations include length measurement, direct tension indicators, and load-indicating fasteners. Of the three methods, load-indicating fasteners (LIFs) have proven to be the most beneficial for a number of reasons. LIFs are capable of showing real-time fastener load up to the material yield strength continuously throughout the life of the fastener. With a LIF, accurate and fast load readings are possible without special operator training or the need for keeping records or calculations to determine tightness. To verify load, an operator does not require any bolting experience, as this information is read directly from the fastener. The use of a detachable load-reading device may be required. Additional benefits can include automatic torque tool control and bolt load data logging capability. This means that bolted joints can be tightened and maintained more accurately, quickly, and with data to support that they are safe and properly loaded.  

In fastening applications where joint tension is controlled, the only direct means to do so is with a LIF. All of the drawbacks of torque and tension tightening methods are no longer issues when standard fasteners are converted to, or replaced by, LIFs. With load indicating technology, every bolt is a calibrated instrument. More focus can be placed on achieving and maintaining proper bolt tension and less focus on procuring the tools and experience traditionally required for this task. This means a quicker, safer and more accurate wind power installation, more effective maintenance, and a longer life span.  Also, newly developed technology for multiple bolt reading capabilities, for wind turbine applications, in both wired and wireless forms, are available. Numerous other industries have approved the use of LIFs to satisfy warranty and insurance requirements. Now there can be savings in time, labor, and other expenses in tower bolts, by using LIFs to satisfy the mandated inspection of the bolted joint.

For over 15 years, Valley Forge & Bolt Mfg. Co. in Phoenix, Arizona has dedicated extensive research and production to these innovative, patented fasteners and are the only manufacturer worldwide.  
 

Making Sense Of At-Height Certification

Authorized climber? Authorized person? Competent climber/rescuer? Qualified climber???
Do all these terms describe the same certification? As an instructor of wind turbine safety at Ecotech Institute, I’ve been asked this question many times over the years — in one form or another — by students, site managers, and HR personnel. The clear answer only came into focus, however, when I joined the safety training team at Technical Rescue Systems (TRS) of Fort Collins, Colorado. Founder, owner, and Master Instructor, Steve Fleming has been a wealth of knowledge for me in sorting out the subtle and not so subtle differences amongst these terms. As a member of the expert panels that form the consensus for multiple safety organizations including ANSI, NFPA and NATE (National Association of Tower Erectors), Fleming has the credentials to trust in this field. With nearly four decades of experience as a firefighter including decades as Captain of the Poudre Fire Authority of Fort Collins, Colorado, he has been a trusted leader in the safety field almost as long as this writer has been alive.

“There are so many interpretations of these terms, and giving you a concise answer isn’t easy. It depends on which organization you’re asking about,” Fleming begins in response to my barrage of questions. “There’s a drive to have them agree to an understanding between the three [organizations].” My boss and safety mentor broke it down for me into the following basic terms:

Authorized Person
OSHA recognizes this cert level as identifying a site visitor who will not be expected nor authorized to climb a turbine. However, they still have been instructed as to the general site hazards such as ice that could fall or be flung from blades and driving conditions and expectations on site. Since it is not an authorized “climber” certification however, this card in no way implies that this person is trained to climb turbines. Perhaps this cert may someday become a company policy standard for even setting foot on a site, but it is currently not a requirement for most sites. This is typically a one-day course with much less hands-on training than any other certification.

Authorized Climber
The authorized climber cert describes someone trained in the proper use of a personal fall arrest system (PFAS). Since there is no mention of rescue training, it should be assumed that this person is not qualified to perform a rescue, and therefore an authorized climber should be accompanied by two “competent climber/rescuer” certified persons, or climb with a single competent climber/rescuer with another competent climber/rescuer nearby who is capable of responding within a few minutes to a distress call.

A short-term goal for an authorized climber is to quickly move towards the level of “competent climber/rescuer.” Since the competent level implies experience and familiarity with the work environment, hiring managers will not likely see entry-level applicant resumes flaunting this cert. Such advanced level training can only be provided by training companies that can effectively simulate the work environment and train with similar rescue and PFAS equipment.

Much more time is needed to effectively train someone to climb and practice safe work-at-height skills of the authorized climber. Therefore, this is typically a two-day course, and only properly equipped training companies are truly qualified to offer such a cert. A ladder with a safety cable does not suffice.

Authorized Climber/Rescuer
This certification can be misleading. It would seem safe to assume that such a certification qualifies someone to perform rescues. In fact, the training provided will have included at least one rescue technique. However, the term “authorized” is not generally considered to signify experience in the field. A lack of familiarity with the wind turbine environment would leave a newly hired person far short of the necessary experience to safely perform a rescue in or from a turbine. It is conceivable that relying on workers with this low level of rescue preparation represents a false sense of security. Perhaps a better name for this cert would be “Authorized Climber/Rescue Assistant” as the level of training certainly qualifies this person to assist in the rescue process. The issue of pairing the terms “authorized” with “rescuer” is such a large concern that some organizations, including NATE, question the authorized climber/rescuer cert’s validity.

Despite the concern about the term contradiction mentioned above, in some work-at-height industries, it might be unrealistic to have significantly experienced personnel on the payroll. Therefore, even having a competent climber/rescuer available may not be an option. This may be why this “in-between” cert even exists.  Still, in the wind energy industry, technicians climb almost everyday, so this dilemma does not seem to arise on wind farms often.

Competent Climber/Rescuer
A competent climber/rescuer can be considered to be more of a supervisor to the entry-level, authorized climber. This certification course commonly spans three to five full days. It is appropriate for a worker with a high level of familiarity with the work environment. NATE quantifies this level of experience as including at least 90 days of climbing/working at height. In the case of a wind turbine, this means that the certified competent climber/rescuer knows exactly where all rescue equipment is located, what exactly is in the rescue kit, has practiced simulated rescues using the equipment in question, can determine the best anchor points to utilize, and can alter the rescue procedure to accommodate unforeseen variables. As Steve Fleming puts it, “A competent person has the abilities to make changes by identifying existing and unpredictable hazards, take prompt corrective measures, and adapts the rescue procedure accordingly.”

The competent climber is capable of performing inspections on equipment. In fact, OSHA characterizes competent climbers as being capable of leading the site safety program.

If an authorized climber card is the ticket to entry for a wind technician, then the competent climber/rescuer certification is verification of experience in various rescue techniques. Again, NATE standards recommend that each climbing team have two competent climber/rescuers present at the very minimum.

Qualified Climber/Rescuer
A qualified climber/rescuer is a large step above a competent one. The qualified person will have all of the skills of a competent person, but will also have the technical knowledge to make design decisions such as appropriate anchor points. They tend to be closer to the design team of engineers. This requires the qualified person to have knowledge of metallurgy and an ability to research the strength of materials. The qualified person must know how to estimate loads put onto anchors and personal fall arrest systems (PFAS) such as the maximum arrest force (MAF) of a fall. Experience and skill in performing equipment inspections is essential.

Employers tend to recognize certain technicians for advancement. Sending the most professional and reliable technician or technicians for this training is a justified reward for the high level of service they provide to the site. While the technical knowledge reflected by this certification can only enhance a company’s safety program, this may not be considered an appropriate certification for an entry-level technician. To bear the responsibility such a certification deserves, it is recommended that the technician who carries this certification have a much higher level of familiarity with the wind turbine than a new hire is likely to have.

Recertification Cycles
How often do technicians need to recertify? Typically, training companies will provide a one-year certification, however they may offer a two-year cert with the caveat that the site safety program must include a refresher session annually at the very minimum. This session can be overseen by an outside trainer, or by a competent climber/rescuer from the site or company.

Compliance
It is important to note that OSHA can and will impose fines upon a site if company safety standards are not upheld, even if the violation in question exceeds OSHA requirements. For example, OSHA currently restricts climbing a turbine in “inclement weather,” but they are not specific as to the meaning of the term. If the company states in its safety policy that technicians are not to climb the turbine in winds faster than 25 m/s, OSHA can impose a fine for workers not following their company’s own policy even if the worker has not violated any specific rules of OSHA. This can have profound impacts on the way a company states the requirements for the certifications technicians must hold. If the various certification terms are misunderstood and used improperly, a site may find it very difficult to remain in compliance with its own company policy.  

Conclusion
Thanks to safety leaders such as Steve Fleming and the top-notch training provided by his thirty-year old company, Technical Rescue Systems, we can now find ourselves better prepared to make hiring and training decisions for our industry’s technicians. Aspiring wind turbine technicians can now make informed strategy decisions to help them work safely and land the job they want. We all know that, of all of the tools available to us in the work we perform, knowledge is the most valuable tool of all.