Home February 2015

February 2015

Editor’s Desk

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“LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-LA-!”

If it had taken place in public, I would have been arrested… or at least tased. Thankfully, it wasn’t a psychotic episode or a temper tantrum left over from childhood.

My friend had neglected to declare “spoiler alert” before launching into a scene-by-scene discussion and critique of a movie I had not yet seen.

I spent a lot of time in movie theaters over the first two-thirds of my life. At 16, my first summer job involved shoveling popcorn at the local ten-screen. I continued to work at movie theaters until I graduated college.

It goes without saying then that I’ve seen a lot of movies — a lot of movies. Good movies, bad movies, decent movies, movies that just made you ask “Why?” But there are only a handful of truly great movies. I’ve never been able to decide on a single favorite. Instead, I maintain an ever-changing “Top Five list” in my mind.

Even though my taste varies from time to time, one film (Franchise, really. I cheat on the “five” part.) has never dipped below the third position.

This year marks the 30th Anniversary of Back to the Future. Appropriately enough, 2015 is also the year to which Marty McFly travels in the film’s sequel. Celebration of the milestone set social media, blogs, and TV ablaze with BTTF (as we abbreviate it in the fandom) nostalgia last month.

“Where’s my hoverboard?” memes cluttered news feeds. Rumors of “real-life” production of self-tying sneakers gained traction. Respected news oautlets published articles analyzing the film’s accuracy in predicting the future. (For the record, a true analysis wouldn’t be possible until October 21 of this year, but I digress.)

As a committed BTTFBFF (OK, I made that one up), I could only shake my head. What made these films great — at least for me — was the fact that they took the audience through a complex web of timelines, events, characters, and consequences, while still managing to tell a rich, cohesive narrative.

In other words, the filmmakers were storytellers, not prognosticators. They had the freedom to dream about what would happen in the future, but no way of knowing what would actually happen.

Here in the wind industry, we’re all too familiar with the reality that past performance is not an indicator of future results (to borrow a statement from the financial sector). And while no other industry could benefit more from a ride in Doc Brown’s time machine, we have to remain vigilant and dutiful in the present.

If we ignore that responsibility, we’ll likely repeat the mistakes of our past.

There have been plenty of plot twists thus far for the wind industry. Let’s write a blockbluster script.
 

Siemens adds two vessels to offshore service fleet

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Siemens has signed a chartering agreement with ship owner Bernhard Schulte for two new service operations vessels (SOV) to be purpose-built for the long-term service and maintenance operations of the Gemini and Sandbank/Dan Tysk offshore wind power plants in the North Sea. Officials from Siemens and Bernhard Schulte together with its offshore wind affiliate WINDEA Offshore met this past week in Brande, Denmark, to commemorate the project start and sign the chartering agreement.

The two new SOVs will be built by Ulstein Verft Norway and will become operational in 2016 and 2017 when both the Gemini and Sandbank offshore wind projects are scheduled to begin operations. An added benefit of the vessel being built for the Sandbank project is that it can also be utilized for Siemens’ service operations for the nearby Dan Tysk wind farm already in operation. Figure 1

“Siemens is proud to be the first in the industry to introduce these new purpose-built SOVs as we continue to focus on advancing our offshore service operations for the benefit of our customers,” said Mark Albenze, CEO, Siemens Wind Power and Renewables Services Business Unit. “By improving efficiencies in our service operations we can help our customers realize optimal performance from their turbines, thereby contributing to advancing the competiveness of offshore wind energy for the future. Our charter agreement with Bernhard Schulte offers us the opportunity to work with an experienced ship-owning company and we look forward to the start of offshore operations with these new SOVs in 2016.” Figure 2

This year, as part of its innovative new offshore logistics concept, Siemens is scheduled to begin utilizing its first two SOVs commissioned specifically for the Butendiek and Baltic II offshore wind projects in Germany.

An industry leader in offshore wind service, Siemens is at the forefront of introducing these new SOVs that are being constructed specifically for offshore wind service operations. Siemens is taking an active role in the vessel design with particular emphasis on safety and improving efficiency. By utilizing these purpose-built SOVs, customers will benefit from Siemens’ emphasis on more effective use of resources and personnel, as well as better accessibility with less time lost waiting for suitable weather conditions. They also feature advanced active gangway systems for safe access to the turbines in varying weather and wave conditions. In addition, the Gemini and Sandbank/Dan Tysk SOVs will feature a helideck. The SOV logistics can then combined with the steady ground readiness of a helicopter to provide customers with a customized logistics program designed to meet their specific needs.  

— Source: Siemens

SunEdison buys 1.6 GW supply deals to qualify for PTC

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SunEdison, Inc., a leading global solar technology manufacturer and provider of solar energy services, and TerraForm Power, Inc., a global owner and operator of clean energy power plants, today announced that SunEdison had purchased new turbines that will enable SunEdison to develop up to 1.6 GW of incremental wind energy projects which qualify for the U.S. federal production tax credit. TerraForm will purchase the projects from SunEdison once they achieve commercial operation.

On November 17, 2014, SunEdison and TerraForm announced that they had signed a definitive agreement to acquire First Wind for $2.4 billion. The purchase included over 1.6 GW of pipeline and backlog projects of which 1.4 GW were already PTC and or ITC qualified projects and an additional 6.4 GW of project development opportunities.

“The purchase of these PTC qualified wind turbines will further enhance our renewable energy development engine and increase its already impressive growth trajectory,” said Ahmad Chatila, President and Chief Executive Officer of SunEdison. “The acquisition of First Wind accelerates our ability to capitalize on the attractive growth opportunities in the global wind power markets. We planned for the most conservative case — that the PTC was not extended. However, when a two week extension of the PTC was created, we moved very quickly and secured the 2014 purchase of top-tier turbines. The ability to capitalize on this opportunity is a testament to our strategy and to the dynamic capabilities we have created by integrating First Wind’s development and operational capabilities with SunEdison’s global corporate infrastructure and renewable energy development and finance experience.”

“The addition of 1.6 GW of wind energy projects will cement TerraForm’s position as one of the leading renewable energy asset owners in the world,” said Carlos Domenech, President and Chief Executive Officer of TerraForm.  “Our diversified growth strategy is delivering compelling results.”

“Following the closing of the First Wind acquisition we will have created an incredible platform for growth: a competitive source of development capital, the ability to convert development assets into operating assets rapidly and cost effectively, and a world class asset management company in TerraForm,” Chatila added.

The acquisition of First Wind is expected to close during the first quarter of 2015, subject to usual and customary conditions and regulatory approvals.

— Source: SunEdison, Inc.

Apex sells 300 MW Balko Wind project to D.E. Shaw

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D. E. Shaw Renewable Investments, L.L.C. and Apex Clean Energy recently announced the sale of Balko Wind, a wind energy project in Beaver County, Oklahoma. Apex developed the 300 MW project and sold it to an affiliate of DESRI in late 2014. Financing for the acquisition and construction of the project was provided by Santander Bank, N.A., KeyBank, N.A., Citi, and Banco de Sabadell, S.A. Commitments for tax equity financing were provided by affiliates of Bank of America Merrill Lynch, General Electric Capital Corp., Google Inc., and Citi. CohnReznick Capital Markets Securities, LLC acted as advisor to DESRI for the tax equity financing. Financial terms were not disclosed.

Apex began developing Balko in 2009 and oversaw the start of the construction by Mortenson Construction the project’s engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contractor. DESRI is a member of the D. E. Shaw group, a global investment and technology development firm. DESRI will oversee the completion of construction and manage the project once operational, which is expected to be in the late summer of 2015.

Once completed, Balko Wind will comprise 162 GE 1.85-87 wind turbines and is expected to produce enough energy to power about 111,000 homes. The project benefits from one of the strongest wind resources in the state of Oklahoma and has signed power purchase agreements with the Public Service Company of Oklahoma and Western Farmers Electric Cooperative. Over its lifetime, the project is expected to generate an estimated $33.75 million in new tax revenue for Beaver County and local schools. It is also expected to support about $196 million in local purchasing and $68 million in new payroll regionally, while directly creating a dozen long-term, high-quality local jobs.

“Balko Wind will deliver clean, cheap power to Oklahoma utilities, while offering long-term predictable returns for infrastructure investors,” said Mark Goodwin, Apex Clean Energy President. “This transaction highlights Apex’s broad capabilities to deliver attractive clean energy investment opportunities to our financial partners.”

Bryan Martin, a managing director and head of U.S. Private Equity for the D. E. Shaw group, said, “We are pleased to close on the acquisition of Balko, which we believe will be a valuable addition to DESRI’s renewable energy portfolio. We are confident that this project will benefit the community of Beaver County for years to come.”

“As the Executive Director of the Panhandle Regional Economic Development Coalition (PREDCI), I am excited to welcome the Balko Wind project into our region,” said Vicki Ayers-Portman, Executive Director of PREDCI. “Oklahoma is blessed with abundant wind energy resources that can create local jobs, catalyze new local business, and supply taxes to our counties and schools, while helping our farmers and ranchers diversify their income. High-quality facilities like Balko Wind will strengthen our local economies as we help power our nation’s way into the future.”

—  Source: Apex Clean Energy

RES Americas Secures PPA For Deerfield Wind Project In Mich.

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Renewable Energy Systems Americas Inc., a leader in the development, engineering, and construction of wind, solar, transmission, and energy storage projects in North America, announced that its subsidiary RES America Developments Inc. has entered into a 20-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with Wolverine Power Supply Cooperative, Inc. for 114 MW of wind energy and associated renewable energy credits in the Thumb of Michigan.

The wind power will be sourced from the Deerfield Wind Energy project, which is located in Huron County, Michigan. The project, located on approximately 20,000 acres in the townships of Huron, Bloomfield, Dwight, and Lincoln, will provide up to 200 jobs during the peak of construction and up to six permanent jobs once construction is completed. Currently more than 215 local landowners are participating in Deerfield Wind Energy and will receive landowner royalty payments from the project.

RES Americas developed and will construct the project and Wolverine, which is owned by and supplies wholesale electric power to seven members, will be the recipient of the 114 MW of electricity generated by the project. Deerfield Wind Energy is scheduled to reach commercial operation by December 31, 2016.

“We are delighted to help Wolverine deliver clean wind energy to its member-owners at a very attractive cost,” said Glen Davis, Chief Executive Officer of RES Americas. “Wolverine’s commitment to purchase the Deerfield Wind Energy project’s electrical output will bring investment and jobs to the state and local community that have supported us through the development cycle.”

“Wolverine is very pleased to be adding competitively priced wind energy to its power supply portfolio for its members,” said Eric Baker, President and CEO of Wolverine. “This PPA not only positions Wolverine and its members to meet Michigan’s Renewable Portfolio Standard requirement of 10 percent renewable power supply by 2015, it also further diversifies Wolverine’s overall energy portfolio.”   

— Source: RES Americas

SgurrEnergy lends expertise to Nova Scotia projects

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SgurrEnergy is supporting two community wind portfolios through the financing and construction phases in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

The company’s North American arm is conducting lender’s independent engineer services on the Watts Wind II portfolio, which comprises three sites located in the Nova Scotia communities of New Glasgow (6.4MW), Barrington (3.2MW), and Wedgeport (1.8MW).  The team supported National Bank of Canada, the lender, through a technical due diligence review, bank-grade energy yield and is now completing construction monitoring on all three sites.

The SgurrEnergy team has also been acting as lender’s engineer for the 22MW ScotianWEB Phase II wind portfolio, on behalf of the project’s financial advisor, Travelers Capital Corporation.

Having advised the lender through the financing of the portfolio, SgurrEnergy is now monitoring construction progress of the five sites and will provide completion services to the lender in early 2015, when the portfolio is expected to commence commercial operation.

Ian Mc Donald, project manager at SgurrEnergy, said: “These projects are excellent examples of community scale wind farms, which are geographically diverse, being grouped together as portfolios in order to enhance their financial viability.

“SgurrEnergy has been involved in many community renewables projects since the company began in 2002 and we’re delighted to be supporting these two community wind portfolios to fruition.”

Both projects are being developed under Nova Scotia’s community feed-in-tariff program (COMFIT), which pays above market rates for power produced from clean energy sources.  It is part of Nova Scotia’s 2010 renewable electricity plan, which sets out a detailed path to move Nova Scotia away from carbon-based electricity toward sources that are greener and closer to home.

The province has committed to 25 percent renewable electricity by 2015 and 40 percent renewable electricity by 2020 and these projects, which are due to be completed in 2015, will contribute to those targets.

— Source: SgurrEnergy

Northern Power Systems plans initial public offering

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Northern Power Systems Corp., a next generation renewable energy technology company, announced that it has publicly filed a registration statement on Form S-1 with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, relating to a proposed initial U.S. public offering of its common shares. In connection with the proposed offering, Northern Power Systems Corp. has applied for the listing of its common shares on the NASDAQ Capital Market. The number of shares to be offered and the price range for the offering have not been determined.

Needham & Company, LLC will act as sole book-running manager for the proposed offering, with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and Northland Capital Markets, Inc. acting as co-managers.

The proposed offering will be made only by means of a prospectus. A copy of the preliminary prospectus relating to these securities may be obtained, when available, from Needham & Company, LLC, 445 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10022, 800-903-3268, or by email to prospectus@needhamco.com.

A registration statement related to these securities has been filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, but has not yet become effective. These securities may not be sold nor may offers to buy be accepted prior to the time the registration statement becomes effective. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy nor may there be any sale of these securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such an offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction. The transaction is subject to the approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange.  

— Source: Northern Power Systems

EDF RE and Vestas re-ink supply deal after 150 MW order

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EDF Renewable Energy has placed a firm order with Vestas Wind Systems A/S for 150 MW of wind turbine generators. The order closes the books on the Master Supply Agreement (MSA) announced in September 2013 with orders totaling 1,094 MW. Delivery of the 75 V100-2.0 MW is scheduled for third quarter 2016.

“Over 1 gigawatt of new wind energy projects have materialized to date under the frame agreement EDF Renewable Energy and Vestas entered into in late 2013, significantly strengthening the partnership between our two companies in the process,” said Ryan Pfaff, Executive Vice President of EDF Renewable Energy. “With the recent extension of the Production Tax Credit, we look forward to working with Vestas to bring additional, clean energy projects online in the U.S. over the next few years.”

In addition, the two companies have initiated a new master agreement defining terms for up to 1 GW of future capacity, which will be installed in coming years.

“In 2013, Vestas and EDF RE signed an ambitious master supply agreement laying out our partnership. Today’s announcement will be the last under that productive umbrella agreement,” says Chris Brown, President of Vestas’ sales and service division in the United States and Canada. “But we’re not done yet. EDF RE is one of the most successful renewable energy developers in the North American market, and this new agreement opens the door to our next gigawatt of continued collaboration in 2015 and beyond.”

— Source: EDF Renewable Energy

Governors urge further White House support for wind energy industry

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In a letter to President Obama in late December, South Dakota Governor Dennis Daugaard and Washington Governor Jay Inslee, the chairman and vice chairman of the Governors’ Wind Energy Coalition, urged the President to take steps to expand the nation’s wind energy development. This is the third annual letter that the governors have sent to the President suggesting steps that his Administration can take to help the states harness the full potential of the nation’s wind energy resources.

The letter outlines “actions that your Administration can take to expand the nation’s wind energy production and improve the resilience of our energy system.” Those actions include the following:

• Support prompt Congressional passage of a multi-year extension of the renewable energy production and investment tax credits. These incentives made possible the growth of the American wind industry and clean energy jobs, with substantial economic return to the states and the nation. “Policy uncertainty continues to hamper…” further development of the nation’s wind resources, the governors wrote. Congressional action early in the next session is critically important to “spur…substantial economic development.”
• Support the governors’ efforts to expand national transmission development both off-shore and on-shore. The governors point out that “today’s transmission system is inadequate for the electrical demands of the states’ modern information-based economies. Revitalization of the electrical transmission system must be accomplished on a multi-state basis with leadership from both you and the governors… The call for transmission action today is as important to our states’ economic development as the nation’s interstate highway system was 58 years ago when President Eisenhower acted with the governors’ support…”
• Encourage Prompt Review of Transmission Applications Under Section 1222 (b) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. The governors shared with the President a letter they sent to Secretary Moniz urging prompt review of transmission applications under Section 1222(b) of theEnergy Policy Act of 2005. “By using Section 1222(b) authority to approve eligible projects, policy makers can also send an important signal to the marketplace that the United States can successfully site and build innovative and major new high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission projects,” the governors wrote.
• Publicize and support the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) 2014 Wind Vision Report. The Department of Energy is expected to soon release an update to its earlier wind assessment report. Because the report will guide critical, ongoing discussions in the energy policy community, the governors ask the President to “broadly communicate its findings” to the nation.

 — Source: Governors’ Wind Energy Coalition

Report: Atlantic offshore wind economic impact would outshine drilling

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Oceana released a new report today that finds offshore wind would produce twice the number of jobs and twice the amount of energy as offshore drilling in the Atlantic Ocean. The report, titled “Offshore Energy by the Numbers, An Economic Analysis of Offshore Drilling and Wind Energy in the Atlantic,” challenges recent claims by the oil and gas industry that opening the East Coast to offshore drilling will lead the United States to energy independence, generate millions of dollars in revenue for states and create thousands of jobs in the process. Oceana’s analysis instead finds that the benefits projected by the industry appear to be exaggerated due to the inclusion of oil and gas resources that are not economically recoverable, thereby inflating the potential benefits. Industry estimates also rely upon an assumption of a state revenue-sharing system that does not exist.

“Our report compares economically recoverable oil and gas development to conservative estimates of offshore wind development to allow an ‘apples-to-apples’ comparison of the energy and jobs that would be created by each source,” said Andrew Menaquale, report author and energy analyst at Oceana. “The American public deserves to know the facts when it comes to expanding this dirty and dangerous practice to the East Coast, and what alternatives there are for clean energy generation.”

Oceana’s report also finds that offshore oil and gas development along the Atlantic could put at risk some of the nearly 1.4 million jobs and over $95 billion in gross domestic product that rely on healthy ocean ecosystems, mainly through fishing, tourism and recreation. In fact, Oceana says the threats of offshore drilling would begin far before a rig is ever put in the water. In July, the Obama administration announced its decision to consider proposals for the use of seismic airguns that make dynamite-like blasts to search for oil and gas deposits deep below the ocean floor in an area twice the size of California, stretching from Delaware to Florida.

“Based on the government’s own estimates, seismic blasting in the Atlantic could harm fish populations while injuring as many as 138,000 marine mammals like whales and dolphins, disturbing the vital activities of as many as 13.5 million more,” said Menaquale. “Instead of working to fully understand the implications of rushing to develop offshore oil and gas, our elected officials are being blinded by imaginary short-term profits and missing the real opportunity that wind provides.”   

Some of the report’s other key findings include:
• In just 13 years, offshore wind could generate more energy than could be provided by all of the economically recoverable offshore oil and gas resources.
• In the next 20 years, offshore wind could create about 91,000 more jobs than offshore drilling (about double the job creation potential of offshore oil and gas).
• A modest and gradual development of offshore wind on the East Coast over the next 20 years could generate enough energy to power over 115 million households.
• Based on government estimates, if all of the economically recoverable offshore oil and gas in the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf were extracted and used, oil demand would only be met for less than five months and gas demand would only be met for less than 10 months, at current consumption rates.
• For comparison purposes, the energy created by 20 years of offshore wind in the Atlantic would produce nearly twice as much energy, (five billion barrels of oil equivalents) than what would be created by all of the economically recoverable oil and gas.
• The Atlantic Ocean contains less than 4 percent of the nation’s total oil reserves and less than 3 percent of its gas reserves.
• In all seven states where offshore drilling is being considered, offshore wind would produce more jobs.
• North Carolina has the highest wind resource and job creation potential of any state in the targeted offshore drilling zone.

“Unlike offshore drilling, offshore wind provides power directly to coastal communities where we need energy the most, without the risk of oil spills or carbon pollution,” said Menaquale. “It’s time for the U.S. to use the lessons learned from more than 20 years of offshore wind development internationally and apply them to generating clean, renewable energy off our coasts.”

Oceana is also holding informational events about this report today in Raleigh, NC, Beaufort, SC and Satellite Beach, FL.

To access Oceana’s full report and other materials, please visit oceana.org/atlanticenergy.

— Source: Oceana

Report: Survival of small / medium wind market hinges on subsidies and cost reduction

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A new report from Navigant Research analyzes the global market for small and medium wind turbines (SMWTs), including global market forecasts for capacity and revenue through 2023.

The market for modern SMWTs has existed for 30 years, though growth has been tied to state and federal incentives in the United Kingdom, Italy, and the United States.  The sector has recently matured, with growing numbers of manufacturers located around the world and expanding dealer networks, and momentum is building around the lease model that has enabled the distributed solar PV market to expand rapidly in the United States.

“The overall outlook for the small and medium wind market in each country will be determined by whether the industry can reduce costs and survive outside of government subsidies,” says Dexter Gauntlett, senior research analyst with Navigant Research.  “While agriculture remains the primary customer type for small and medium wind power, several providers have found success displacing diesel in remote locations, sometimes in conjunction with solar PV systems as part of microgrids.”

The leading market for small and medium wind power, according to the report, is the United Kingdom, where feed-in tariff policies have helped create a boom over the last three years.  The U.S. market is still struggling due to reduced state incentives and competition from solar PV systems that have dramatically declined in price.

The report, “Small and Medium Wind Power,” analyzes the global market for SMWTs, defined as any turbine less than 500 kW in capacity.  The study provides an analysis of the market issues, including growth drivers and implementation challenges, associated with SMWTs.  Global market forecasts for capacity and revenue, broken out by region, extend through 2023.  The report also examines the key technologies related to SMWTs, as well as the competitive landscape.  An Executive Summary of the report is available for free download on the Navigant Research website.

— Source: Navigant Research

The Shift Toward Optimization

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As the wind power industry matures, project developers, owner-operators, and financiers are asking for ever more reliable predictions of power output from both new construction and existing assets. Industry studies analyzing operating wind power plant production data indicate that the accuracy of pre-construction estimates compared to actual performance has greatly improved. However, long-term climate variability (i.e. the 2013-14 “Polar Vortex”), evolving energy markets, repowering contracts, and financial vehicles such as YieldCos are driving a need for continually increased certainty in wind power plant performance. This is required both to better understand portfolio risk and to drive incremental operational improvements for getting the most out of the existing steel in the ground.

Fortunately, today there is a wide range of hardware and software to collect and analyze a steady stream of data for better predicting and enhancing turbine performance. Some of the newest tools available for operational optimization are remote sensing and advanced mesoscale computer models. Both modeling and remote sensing instruments, like traditional anemometry, play three basic roles in the life cycle of a wind project: prospecting, assessment and operations. Here we will focus on the operational applications of remote sensing and advanced computer modeling for continual wind farm optimization. When properly leveraged these technologies offer site-specific data for on-going production and operational assessment.

Remote sensing has been used commercially for decades in the wind industry as a pre-construction measurement tool. However, with the focus in more mature markets switching from rapid development to optimization of existing wind turbine assets, its unique capabilities have been put to use in a variety of operational applications. These areas of operational optimization include: making investment decisions for upgrades and new equipment; analyzing yaw, wake, and other losses factors; developing mitigation strategies to minimize energy losses; and accurately forecasting production for scheduling energy and turbine downtime for maintenance.

Remote sensing systems, such as ground-based SoDAR (sonic detection and ranging) and LiDAR (light detection and ranging), provide developers with the means to measure wind speeds at above hub height to better estimate production for today’s large rotor diameter utility-scale wind turbines. With these modern measurement instruments, the industry has developed a greater understanding of how wind characteristics such as atmospheric stability and directional shear (variation of wind direction vs. height) affect turbine power performance.

Monitoring wind conditions in and around an operating wind farm is traditionally accomplished with wind measurement equipment mounted on the top of the nacelle (or turbine housing) or via permanent meteorological (or met) towers. Turbine mounted equipment is affected by the turbine itself and is not representative of the free-stream wind coming into the turbine array. Met towers are typically used for conducting one-time power performance verification testing on nearby turbines according to the turbine supply agreement and then provide data to regional electrical balancing authority for forecasting purposes. Post-construction comparisons of production data to pre-construction data are often challenging because many of the wind measurement sites used for wind resource assessment are not used to site the permanent power performance met towers.

As previously mentioned, wind farms often operate with just one or two met towers as reference sources, which were originally used for the contractual power performance test. Once turbines are installed, wind information from the fixed met towers is used to monitor production estimates and as an aid to operations and maintenance. However, the met tower may only represent a subsector of the wind turbine array. The demand for operational assessment analysis is being addressed using a combination of advanced mobile ground-based remote sensing instruments and advanced modeling techniques. An advantage of a mobile remote sensing instrument is that it can be moved around and within an operating wind turbine array to provide the project owner-operators access to specific sector wind data that they can use to assess their operational control strategies and predict specific turbine maintenance needs.

As wind turbine technology improves, existing wind farms must regularly evaluate whether to invest in a manufacturer’s new performance enhancement, such as vortex generators, new SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) algorithms, and other modifications. By using a remote sensing system as mobile met tower, relative power curves can be developed for pre-upgrade and post-upgrade analysis to better understand the benefits of various improvements under varying wind conditions. Monitoring the free-stream wind flow provides better information for determining whether the upgrade produced an improvement or it was simply a ‘better’ wind day.

Additionally, wind farm operators are investigating the use of forward-looking nacelle mounted LiDAR systems for improved yaw correction, blade pitch control strategies, and potentially early gust and ramp down detection. Several of these nacelle-mounted LiDARs use the Doppler-shift measurement techniques used by ground-based models. However, new direct LiDAR detection methods are in test and early results are promising with a number of providers offering such systems. Whether it is necessary to install a forward-looking LiDAR on each turbine or only on a few key turbines to provide the necessary guidance is still under investigation since wind direction variation across a project site will likely influence the decision.

Another loss factor and one of the most important steps in wind project valuation is the estimation of wake effects. These occur when upwind turbines create turbulence that detracts from downwind turbine performance. Wind project wake losses make a substantial contribution to understanding wind plant underperformance, and in many cases may be the largest contributor to such underperformance.

Remote sensing systems can play a role in measuring these effects at operating wind farms, but can also calibrate and test various advanced mesoscale models used for wake analysis. Studies conducted by Vaisala’s 3TIER Services and WindLogics have shown the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model to be quite skilled in this application.

There are several hypotheses to explain why the WRF model provides a more accurate estimate of turbine wakes. Foremost, WRF takes into account the variability of the atmospheric vertical temperature profile, which strongly controls the amount of turbulence available to dissipate turbine wakes, whereas the standard wake models assume neutral atmospheric stability. Neutrally stable flows allow more rapid dissipation of wakes than would occur in the more strongly stable conditions typical of the nocturnal boundary layer. Although WRF is more computationally expensive and may slightly overestimate wake losses, the results of these studies show that using WRF to model wind turbines (and nearby existing or planned wind plants) is the best method to ensure that the total waking effect has been appropriately captured.

Since computer simulations are the only option for evaluating wakes prior to construction, these findings are significant. Advanced mesoscale models also offer flexibility for operational optimization because they can quickly provide a modeled wind profile at each turbine with wake losses incorporated, which can be compared with actual production on an ongoing basis – all without the expense of installing, maintaining, or collecting measured data at each turbine.

Finally, a wind project’s generation must be integrated predictably into the power grid both for system reliability and to fulfill its expected financial return. Regional independent system operators (ISOs) thus require wind generation facilities to provide forecasting data, which they use to understand how much power a wind generation facility will be supplying to the grid on a day-ahead and hour-ahead basis. ISOs also need wind forecasts to predict so-called “ramp events.” A ramp event is a period of rapid change in wind farm production caused by increases or decreases in wind speed over a few hours. Different grid systems operate in their own unique wind regime and therefore, have different definitions of wind ramps. ISOs and wind farm operators must have operating strategies in place to deal with any impact these events have on generation capacity and system reliability. Energy traders also use wind forecasts to determine the amount of power that will be available at any given time, as this will drive prices up or down.

Accurately forecasting wind energy production requires both measurements and advanced computer modeling. First, measurements of the current wind resource at and around the wind farm site are recorded. These data along with data from national and global weather service forecasts are combined with high-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models like WRF. Forecasts are based on these weather models, knowledge of the capacity of the turbines, and their predicted power output in various wind conditions.

NWP models are typically initialized with national weather service gridded data sets that are, by nature, at least one hour old by the time they can be accessed, ingested, and processed by the modeling software. Therefore, in many locations, forecasting in the hour-ahead timeframe can be improved with onsite wind observations. Analysis of the local weather conditions using a network of ground-based remote sensors can assist in tuning forecast models to site conditions. These mobile wind measurement systems offer a new source of data to feed today’s robust micro-climate forecasting models. By combining remote sensing measurement technologies with advanced computer modeling techniques in forecasting, owner-operators can improve the cost competitiveness of wind power generation compared with traditional fossil fuel generators in electrical markets around the world.

The wind industry is deploying more advanced measurement technology, turbine performance enhancements, and forecasting systems to seek optimized wind power generation for better grid integration and, ultimately, to improve the value of wind energy in a utility’s generation portfolio.

Improvements to both remote sensing and advanced computer modeling enhance operational turbine performance. These advancements include new SoDAR and LiDAR instruments developed for studying active wind farm conditions, such as SCADA integrated permanent SoDARs and nacelle-mounted LiDARs. Used either as a complement to met tower data or as a stand-alone tool, remote sensing systems and advanced modeling software can be used throughout the lifecycle of a wind farm. Through innovation, both in hardware and software, wind farm developers and financiers can reduce the uncertainty of wind power generation and make it a more attractive component of modern energy investment portfolios.   
 

Predictive Maintenance Methodology Streamlines Operations

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Operations and maintenance (O&M) of wind turbines is estimated at 21 to 24 percent of the total cost of energy from wind. As turbines are built larger, the capital-expenditure component of the cost of energy from wind drops, but there is still room to reduce the cost of O&M.

Too often maintenance is carried out reactively: the asset fails and it is repaired. This is a good approach when the asset is inexpensive, easy to source, and when the inevitable downtime does not have major cost, or health and safety implications. But operators too often take a reactive approach to major wind-turbine components such as main bearings or gearboxes failures. This results in expensive crane mobilizations at short notice and lost production while the turbine is unavailable. Failures during the high-wind season can be costly.

An alternative is to carry out preventative maintenance, periodic replacement whether the component seems to be failing or not. This approach is useful for expensive mission critical components, particularly where the component condition is difficult to monitor.

The third approach is predictive condition-based maintenance. This is suitable for a component when its condition can be monitored and a failing component can be detected sufficiently far in advance of a date of failure. To be useful, how far in advance must this warning be received? That depends on many factors, but the period must be sufficient to allow at least some of the following benefits:

– Prevent secondary damage to other components
– Secure necessary resources in advance at reduced cost
– Carry out multiple maintenance activities at once, thereby reducing the cost (e.g. replace multiple main bearings and gearboxes with one crane mobilization)
– Minimize downtime, thereby increasing production
– Schedule downtime at a low impact time (i.e. during the low-wind season)
– Use cost effective life extension methods to mitigate damage

Predictive condition-based maintenance can be online or offline. Many newer wind turbine models come with factory-fitted vibration based condition monitoring system (CMS) for online monitoring. Alternatively, CMS can be retrofitted. Effective offline techniques include lubrication analysis and vibration sweeps using portable vibration hardware.

For example, Romax’s InSight Fleet Monitor web-based Software-as-a-Service uses data from existing CMS and SCADA systems together — with lubrication analyses and O&M records — to provide decision makers with a clear picture of the health of their fleet. The software has a range of detection and prediction methods to enable condition-based maintenance of wind turbines. The following case study is a typical example of a main bearing fault detection.

CASE STUDY: MAIN BEARING FAULT
An upward trend of a fleet monitor health index from October 2013 indicated a main bearing fault. Figure 1 plots this trend. The trend continued upwards and in August 2014 the bearing was inspected and the damage confirmed (spalling and rollover marks). While the main bearing replacement was scheduled, the turbine continued running but with close monitoring. By detecting this fault 12 months before repair was required it is possible to minimize downtime and schedule multiple main bearing change-outs together. Production was increased and crane mobilization costs were reduced.

Condition monitoring of wind-turbine drivetrains has proven to be effective, but it must be part of an integrated predictive maintenance strategy to yield significant financial rewards. Merely identifying that a component is damaged does not increase the profitability of a turbine or farm. It is necessary to act on the information to optimise the O&M activity. Condition monitoring centers must not be isolated from site managers and asset-management teams. Integrated condition monitoring tools, such as Romax’s InSight Fleet Monitor, help condition monitoring engineers diagnose turbine faults early and efficiently. In addition, they aid collaboration with other key departments. Designed with global access and collaboration in mind, Fleet Monitor lets site managers, asset management teams, and condition-monitoring centers communicate and collaborate more effectively.

But key questions remain for wind farm operators:
1. How does management weigh the trade-offs inherent in decisions regarding component life extension?
2. How can a team optimize the timing of component replacements?
3. How can an owner budget O&M expenditures over the next three years?

REMAINING USEFUL LIFE MODELS
While vibration based condition monitoring detects developing faults, it cannot give an indication of the remaining useful life of a component which has not yet started to fail. This creates a challenge for operators wishing to implement a condition-based maintenance strategy, namely one posed by the question: How to budget O&M expenditure over the next three-plus years?

Each bearing and gear in the drivetrain of a wind turbine has a design life. This life is consumed as the turbine operates, but one hour at rated power does not consume damage at the same rate as one hour at 50 percent rated power. Also the turbine undergoes transient loading, during gusts, or when the turbine starts and stops, for example. All of these events consume a portion of the design life of each component. The remaining useful life model calculates how much component life is used by the different operational regimes and events, and deducts this from the design life. Figure 2

The approach is to use all available historical data from the CMS (if installed), SCADA, lubrication analysis, inspection and maintenance records, combined with measured loads and then calibrate the remaining useful life models for each bearing and gear in the turbine. This hybrid approach, using computer models and empirical data, has been developed based on extensive domain experience. Failures in turbines are complicated and unexpected things can happen.

For instance:
– Bolts back out
– Rollers wear on the end face generating damaging debris
– Oil degrades
– Bearings are ground with incorrect micro-geometry
– Gears have inclusion related early failure
– Bearings spin in their journals
– Damage starts due to poor assembly

This practical knowledge has been combined with sophisticated computer models to create an effective remaining useful life tool, which has been subject to validation campaigns with major operators over many years.

CASE STUDY: REMAINING USEFUL LIFE MODELS
The plots in Figure 3 illustrate a case study in which the high speed, upwind bearing in a gearbox rapidly accumulated damage during its first year of operation. The gearbox was replaced due to serial defects. The same bearing in the replacement gearbox accumulated damage rapidly and after two years was replaced up tower. Unfortunately the new bearing consumed life even more quickly due to poor oil cleanliness. Debris introduced during the up-tower repair was a key factor in the reduced life.

Remaining useful life models are powerful because they enable early action to be taken to mitigate damage. Different what-if scenarios can be run to see the impact on the remaining useful life of different approaches, and the cost-benefit weighed. Also, the advanced warning gained from predictive models make possible more accurate O&M budgeting.

WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED?
The powerful tool of condition monitoring enables detection of faults before they progress to failure. After detecting a fault, wind farm operators must make important decisions. These decisions will affect whether or not the value of the condition monitoring is realised, and tools are required to assist decision makers. Prognostic models which estimate damage accumulation give a longer term forecast which can be used for budgetary planning. The cost of wind energy must be reduced. To achieve that cost reduction, predictive condition-based maintenance will play an increasingly important role.  
 

Profile: RENEW Energy Maintenance

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Always finish what you start. Take pride in your work. Do what has to be done. Antiquated life lessons from a bygone generation or a solid business model?

Today, advances in technology and communication have ushered in an information age that renders the old way of life obsolete, inefficient, and slow.

 Those who fail to adopt that modern train of thought are often labeled as out-of-touch, old-fashioned, or irrelevant.

Bucking that trend is five-year-old wind energy independent service provider RENEW Energy Maintenance.

Disillusioned with the typical service provider business model, energy industry veterans Jim Mikel and Gary Fish founded the group in 2009.

The pair shared a unique vision for their company. Instead of specialization, they sought to offer a comprehensive suite of services, with an emphasis on quality and innovation. The result was an imaginative wind service provider that would employ modern methods and the latest technology, while never straying from its solid, “old-fashioned” ethical foundation.

Shaping the core of that foundation is a set of principles drawn from the code of the working cowboy and outlined by author and former Wall Street financier Jim Owen in his book “Cowboy Ethics: What Wall Street Can Learn from the Code of the West.”

“What Owen said was that Wall Street would be better if they would abide by the Code of the West in their decision making,” said Fish, who serves as Chief Financial Officer for Sioux Falls, South Dakota-based RENEW. “When I read the book and saw the Code, I thought: ‘This fits Jim and I. This fits the kind of company that we would like to build.’”

While the rural, open landscape may be the most noticeable parallel between the cowboy lifestyle and the wind industry, RENEW’s intent in operating under the Code lies in its dealings with others — its customers, employees, and shareholders.

“It goes back to how cowboys would treat each other in the West. We just took the ten principles and applied them to this industry,” Fish said. “It just gives us some guidance — not only in our daily operations, but in our strategic thinking of where we want to take the company, and how we want to treat customers and employees.”

Following those principles, RENEW has grown steadily since its inception. Since the company started, its workforce expanded to 113 — 90 of whom are technicians. RENEW’s sales in its first full year totaled $3 million and grew at a consistent pace for the next three years. In 2014, sales jumped to $25 million — up significantly from $14 million at the end of 2013. The company’s client base includes 18 of the top 25 U.S. wind asset owners, as well as four of the top 10 OEMs.

RENEW attributes that growth and success to its ability to meet a customer’s many different needs through its broad range of services spanning multiple functions in the wind energy O&M segment. While in the past, owners had to deal with hiring and coordinating the efforts of multiple service providers, one call to RENEW could now handle the majority — if not all — of their needs.

“There probably isn’t any other third-party service provider that offers the same range of services we offer today,” said Mikel, RENEW’s Chief Executive Officer. “A lot of them specialize in the O&M side or end-of-warranty inspections. We’re a one-stop shop. We can manage cranes, perform end-of-warranty inspections and construction services. If something needs to be done, we’ll figure out a way to get it done.”

Beyond reducing time, effort, and scheduling, that philosophy translates into cost savings for the owner. “It’s that type of quality and innovation that our customers are looking for — that we can do uptower repairs and minimize that crane cost. In the past, a lot of these gearboxes were just coming down-tower, getting sent to a shop and rebuilt, and just put back in,” Mikel said. “Our philosophy — not only in the gearbox, but with the generator or any other type of major component — is to do what we can to minimize that cost to the customer.”

“It’s a little bit of a different business model from that standpoint,” Fish added. “We provide a broad level of services to the wind industry. That is a little unusual for a company of our size, but it has worked out very well.”

RENEW’s services segments include: construction and field services; remanufacturing; specialty field services; operations & maintenance; supply chain services; and asset management. Recently, RENEW has added composite/blade services and mobile oil changes to its services portfolio. (Comprehensive services listing located adjacent to this article.)

Regarding the level of services and type of services that we provide, we started out really with construction support,” Fish said. “We also have our specialty field services, which comprises of major corrective work, end-of-warranty inspections, some mobile oil changes, and a variety of uptower field services — primarily focused on the gearbox.”

The company’s 32,000-square-foot facility in Sioux Falls is also home to its gearbox remanufacturing facility. There, customer gearboxes undergo a complete remanufacturing process—from teardown to assessment and engineering to rebuild.

“With our remote locations, we have about 100 turbines that are under long-term O&M contracts on various terms of three to ten years. Recently, we’ve also added supply chain services and support.

“Late in 2014, we also added field blade services. We acquired a small field blade service that was based here in Sioux Falls — Logical Energy Solutions. That acquisition further broadened our service offering to the industry.”

Performing those services requires a lot of skilled manpower — often in situations and environments that can be dangerous.

RENEW considers employees its primary asset, and has built a strong safety culture into the fabric of the company. In October of 2014, the company was recognized by the South Dakota Safety Council with a Meritorious Achievement Award for its workplace safety program. At the time of this writing, RENEW had celebrated its 661st day without incident.

“We have a very strong safety track record, and we continue to emphasize a strong safety program,” Fish said. “Even though we’ve gone through a fairly steep growth pattern, we’ve been able to really embed a safe culture within our organization. We believe that safety is not only good business for our customers, but obviously it’s good for our employees, and for the company.”

Further illustrating its commitment both to its employees and to the Code of the West, RENEW in December 2014 began an employee stock ownership program. “We are in the process of becoming an employee-owned company also,” Fish said. ”We believe that’s a very good business model for us, and that it will align our customer-shareholder (which will include our employees) interests on a long-term basis.

Regarding the employees’ roles in living and communicating the Code, Mikel said: “Employees are the face of RENEW. When they’re out in the field and they’re living by these ten principles, our customers see it, and that’s why we get a lot of return calls. It’s our employees, our technicians that live by this every day and customers understand that.”

And for what’s next for the growing service provider, the company is optimistic about its future in the wind industry. Table 1

“We think that the industry — services for the installed base — is going to grow long-term at about a six percent clip,” Fish said. “Maybe six percent isn’t all that impressive a number, but when the general economy grows at about two percent, that’s a pretty attractive metric. The installed base is aging also. The installed base creates the opportunity. We’re obviously not an OEM, but we also see that the OEMs have less interest in the older projects. Once they get to be over five years old, we’re very competitive.”

“That’s why we’re in this business.” Mikel added. “We’re looking long-term. How can we keep these turbines running through their 20-25 year life cycle.”

For more information on RENEW Energy Maintenance’s portfolio of wind energy maintenance, repair, and asset management services, call (605) 275-9666, or visit them online at renewenergy.com.

Safety considerations for the offshore wind site

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Man and materials must regularly overcome around 90 meters in height to access the nacelles of offshore wind turbines for installation, maintenance and servicing activities. Lifting equipment, service lifts and ladders assist in carrying workers, equipment and heavy components. But what about occupational health and safety?

Lifting and material-handling equipment are used not only onshore for heavy-duty work. They also play a significant part in the installation, servicing, and maintenance of offshore wind turbines far out to sea. To cope with these tasks, all wind turbines nowadays come with cutting-edge lifting and material-handling equipment. However, the environmental, ambient and operating conditions involve specific risks, thus imposing very special requirements on components and occupational health and safety. Workers must be able to get safely from the service boats to the nacelle while safely moving loads that are often very heavy.

In concrete terms this means that workers at sea must be able to safely transport, say, a hydraulic cylinder with a weight of around 600 kg, even with the boat rocking in high waves, the entire tower oscillating in the wind and the loads swinging from the suspension hook. These conditions involve increased danger of impact and crush hazards because even the firm footing required by accident prevention regulations for manual lifting of even lighter loads of up to 25 kilograms cannot be guaranteed.

Challenges in Operation
The main dangers are not caused by the installed lifting equipment, service lifts and ladders themselves, which are all state-of-the-art. Rather, practical experience has shown that more attention should be paid at the planning stage to the different conditions for offshore wind turbines compared to the onshore sector, with a view to optimizing transport processes and improving safety levels.

One example concerns a lift’s long trailing cables and power lines. In an offshore wind turbine these cables do not simply hang vertically, but follow the oscillations of the tower. During operations, these cables may become entangled around ladders or get caught on components, causing hazards for the lift. The trolleys of the lifting equipment are a further example; unless they are restrained by braking and locking mechanisms, acceleration forces will cause them to move unexpectedly in their guide rails

Safe passage from service boat to nacelle
A further safety-relevant aspect has emerged during the operating life of the first offshore wind farms: there is also room for improvement in the systematic interaction between individual lifting devices and components, which should become a focus as early as the planning stage. Ideally, there should be a continuous transport chain for lifting heavy parts and components from the boat to the nacelle. Often, however, the transport chain is already interrupted at the entry to the tower, because the crane boom is too short to bridge the entire distance at the base and there are no robust and suitably marked anchorage points to transfer the load. The workers, who must find a solution under constant time and cost pressure, are forced to rely on their resourcefulness and talent for improvisation and sometimes resort to very risky and dangerous maneuvers to move the loads manually. The same phenomenon can be observed during many activities in the nacelle, where the narrow confines and the strong oscillations of the tower expose workers to even higher risks.

In recent years the industry has taken a greater interest in these issues and incorporated many aspects in current planning and design as lessons learned – not least because improved health and safety also offers potential to reduce operating costs. After all, well thought-out and smooth transport processes not only reduce the accident risk, but also considerably speed up work at the turbine; the risk-fraught scenarios described above are generally unnecessarily time-consuming or may even require temporary shutdowns. The cost-intensive mooring times of service boats are reduced significantly and the teams can complete more work more safely in the same period. Ultimately, then, optimization of transport processes at the turbine is a key factor in continuing the improvement of competitiveness of offshore technology and reducing the costs of power generation.

Optimized transport processes cut operating costs
In other areas too, pioneering work is being performed by those involved. The wind energy industry only moved into offshore operations around a decade ago; for this reason, the standards involved in this new industry sector must undergo continuous advancement and are regularly reviewed for this purpose. Recent years have shown that the mature technology generally installed in offshore operations, while eminently suitable for onshore service, required improvements before it could be used at sea. One such improvement is anti-corrosion coating to provide protection against the aggressive weathering of the salt-laden sea air. This also impacts significantly on transport processes, because adequate corrosion protection can ensure that lifting equipment and its components, such as brakes and gears, permanently function correctly and reliably — and thus guarantee their safety.

The shipbuilding and oil and gas industries apply stricter standards based on decades of experience with offshore conditions. However, their implementation would involve significantly increased costs. While these standards apply to far harsher conditions and it is unnecessary to adopt them unchanged, in many cases they can serve as a useful basis for alignment with the requirements of the offshore wind power industry, which are not reflected by their onshore counterparts

Conclusion and outlook
In recent years the offshore wind energy industry has made enormous technological strides in solving the challenges posed by operations at sea. Practical experience has shown that the design and structural integrity of the turbines, the transport and installation of large-size components and turbine technology can all be mastered – but it also reveals that transport processes involved in the installation, maintenance and repair of the turbines can be optimized and improved from the perspective of safety.

Many of these safety-relevant aspects have only become apparent during operation of the wind turbines. Given this, the time has come to address occupational health and safety and transport-process optimization in this context with more intensity. For example, hazard assessments performed during the planning phase can help to ensure that the components chosen are designed for safe offshore operation with respect to both ambient conditions and to potential situations arising during work on an offshore site.  

— Source: TÜV SÜD Industrie Service

Conversation with Dallas Dixon

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Sage Oil Vac has been serving the wind industry for a number of years. Can you tell our readers a little about the company’s product offerings?

In addition to our Gear Oil Exchange Systems (GOEX), Sage Oil Vac manufactures mobile lube equipment for fluid handling and transportation in a variety of industries. Those industries include everything from oil and gas, agriculture, and construction to specialized military systems. We strive to give our customers choices, and in 2015, we plan on launching several new products for our wind industry customers that will include a truck-mounted system and a tote system among others. We will also introduce several improvements to our flagship system that will make it lighter, faster, and more user friendly.

How does using the exchange system for gearbox oil changes differ from the traditional method?

Traditionally, the oil was exchanged using five gallon buckets that were hoisted up and down the towers. Most wind turbine gearboxes hold 80 gallons of oil or more, so countless man hours and resources were wasted. Not to mention, this practice was very unsafe and highly inefficient. The traditional method also never offered a flush and rinse of the gearbox, which is vitally important when it comes to gear oil particle counts.

In some parts of the world, the oil is never changed until a gearbox failure occurs. In China for example, the conditions inside some of their gearboxes is shocking. I recently traveled to Beijing to train customers on our system and to educate them about the physical and financial benefits of gear oil exchanges. Since then, our systems have grown in popularity and they have quickly adopted our O&M best practices.

What are the practical, physical benefits of using the GOEX to perform turbine gearbox oil changes?

The two greatest physical benefits to utilizing our system are clean oil and extending the life span of the gearbox. New oil is typically dirty, and our system uses a 3-micron filtration system to filter new oil to required ISO levels before it touches the gearbox. Oil samples taken from the gearbox after the use of our system have consistently shown a drastic reduction in the amount of contaminants such as dirt, iron, and wear particles. If your gearbox fails, the cost associated with replacing it can be upwards of half a million dollars. Owning or renting an asset like our Gear Oil Exchange System coupled with a pro-active approach to maintenance equates to improved reliability and a higher ROI.

How does that translate into operational benefits, as far as maintenance schedules, downtime and labor savings, extending equipment lifespan, etc.?

Sage Oil Vac strives to provide our customers with most efficient, cost effective tools on the market today. Oil changes, joined with on-site repairs, used to require larger crews, longer downtimes, and more money. When used properly, our systems can transform a messy, cumbersome 8-hour oil change job into a productive, multifaceted success. A preventative maintenance schedule is imperative when it comes to reducing wind turbine downtime. That’s why our customers make effective use of their time, and operate our system while performing other required routine maintenance.

Do operators see a cost savings as a result of using your equipment to streamline those processes?

Simply put, most O&M service providers in the market today are multitaskers, and any piece of equipment that can maximize time and increase efficiency and profitability is vital to their success. Our goal is to create and construct tools that do just that. Time is money, and our pioneering GOEX systems cut oil change procedure time by more than half. Our dynamic line of products offers our customers the opportunity to optimize their business processes and customer services. Oil changes can be performed year round through the use of our enclosed and insulated GOEX systems. The Sage Oil Vac GOEX Offshore system can create new prospects for companies looking to expand out to sea. The possibilities are boundless.

What are the overall long-term benefits that justify the use of the system?

The Sage Oil Vac GOEX System has been used on basically every major wind turbine OEM across the globe. Gearboxes are generally the single largest issue when it comes to operations and maintenance cost. Addressing the long term issues such as oil contamination control, abrasive wear, and corrosion can result in an increase in energy production and gearbox reliability. The use of our system, joined with oil change procedures written by the top gear oil manufactures of the world, has helped to reduce the amount of common maintenance problems previously seen in the wind industry.

Is the GOEX only available for purchase, or do customers have the option of an equipment lease program?

Yes, we currently offer a rental program to US based customers through our headquarters in Amarillo, Texas. SOO Foundry & Machine is our authorized dealership in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, and they offer rentals to Canadian based customers. If anyone is interested in our rental program, please feel free to contact us at any time.

Every wind farm and maintenance protocol is different. How do you address situations where customers may need a custom set-up?

Sage Oil Vac takes pride in the fact that our company was built on innovation and the development of solutions. We are contacted by clients on a daily basis who need our assistance with unique circumstances. We thrive on the opportunity to tackle new challenges head on, and we do so by identifying the voice of our customers. If any current or prospective customer has ideas on improving processes that will maximize the impact on their oil exchange method, we would love to hear from you.
  (877) 645-8227
  www.sageoilvac.com
  info@sageoilvac.com
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ABB sets world record in HVDC Light voltage level

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ABB, a leading power and automation technology group, successfully commissioned a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link between Norway and Denmark to increase availability of renewable hydroelectric and wind power in the region’s electricity grid.

At 500 kV, the Skagerrak 4 link sets a new record in transmission voltage using Voltage Source Converters (VSC). The converters rely on semiconductors to convert electricity from high–voltage alternating current to direct current and back, while offering controllability and compact design.

VSC links are increasingly being deployed in underground and subsea applications such as integration of renewable energies from land-based and offshore wind farms, mainland power supply to islands and offshore oil and gas platforms, city center in-feeds and cross-border interconnections.

This HVDC Light link reinforces the grid owned by Norwegian transmission system operator Statnett and Denmark’s Energinet.dk and helps balance loads between Norway’s hydroelectric-based system and Denmark’s wind- and thermal-based generation.

“ABB pioneered the HVDC technology and continues innovating as it is uniquely positioned in the industry with in-house manufacturing for all key HVDC components, including power semiconductors, converters, converter transformers and high-voltage cables,” said Claudio Facchin, head of ABB’s Power Systems division.

ABB has delivered all four of the Skagerrak system’s links, with Skagerrak 1 and 2 in the 1970s, Skagerrak 3 in 1993 and now this latest project. The system spans 240 kilometers and crosses the North Sea’s Skagerrak Strait, providing 1,700 megawatts of transmission capacity.

For Skagerrak 4, ABB delivered two 700-MW Voltage Source Converter stations based on the company’s HVDC Light technology. The new link operates in bipolar mode with the Skagerrak 3 link that uses classic Line Commutated Converter HVDC technology.

This is the first time the two technologies have been connected in such a bipole arrangement. ABB’s advanced MACH control system was used to master the different ways power reversal is handled between the two technologies.

In the future, use of 500 kilovolt VSC converters opens up new possibilities, especially when combined with ABB’s recently launched extruded 525 kV HVDC cable. The world record cable, which doubles power flow and extends range to enable greater integration of distant renewables, reflects ABB’s commitment to leading the development and use of HVDC technology.  

— Source: ABB Group

EDPR, Maine utilities reach terms on wind transmission line

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Central Maine Power, a subsidiary of Iberdrola USA, EDP Renewables, and Emera Maine, a subsidiary of Emera Inc., recently announced they have reached agreements that will enable clean energy from a new wind project in northern Maine to reach southern Maine and New England. The agreements advance the first of several transmission projects CMP and Emera Maine are jointly pursuing to address transmission congestion issues affecting the overall development of renewable generation in the region.

The focus of the agreements is EDPR’s use of a portion of a key transmission corridor known as the Bridal Path, between Houlton and Haynesville in Aroostook County, Maine. Under the agreements, Emera Maine and CMP are providing EDPR with an option to purchase a portion of the Bridal Path corridor to develop a new transmission line, with Emera Maine and CMP having buy-back rights to purchase EDPR’s development in the corridor. The project is being advanced as part of the transmission infrastructure needed to deliver energy from EDPR’s Number Nine Wind Farm to the ISO-New England electric grid.

“Our companies have the corridors, the expertise, and the resources to create and deliver solutions for New England’s renewable energy goals,” said Sara Burns, CMP’s President and Chief Executive Officer. “These agreements among our companies allow EDPR to move ahead with a significant wind project, and are a key step toward an optimal transmission solution for the further development of northern Maine’s abundant energy resources.”

The Number Nine wind project, which is currently under development at a site west of Bridgewater, Maine, will have an installed capacity of 250 MW. EDPR already has contracts with electric utilities in Connecticut for the clean energy from the Number Nine Wind Farm, and is in the process of securing necessary permits and approvals for the project. The agreements with CMP and Emera Maine will allow EDPR to move forward in the coming weeks with a formal application to the Maine Department of Environmental Protection.

“Making use of an existing transmission corridor makes sense,” said Bill Whitlock, Executive Vice President at EDPR. “The Bridal Path corridor is ideal. It enables development of the wind farm and the economic benefits that it will bring to the local community, and makes environmental sense as well. We’re pleased CMP and Emera Maine are working with our company to make this happen.”

Last year, Emera Maine and CMP announced an agreement to work together on development of transmission solutions to enable cost effective collection of wind energy in northern Maine. The Memorandum of Understanding signed by the two companies is consistent with regional initiatives to diversify New England’s electricity generation portfolio, and is intended to facilitate improved access to new renewable energy in the North, where ISO New England has indicated further renewables development is challenged by transmission related limitations.

— Source: Central Maine Power

Study: Nebraska grid can support 2 GW more wind

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A study authored by economists at The Brattle Group identifies the factors that impact the desirability of developing 5,000 to 10,000 MW of renewable generation in Nebraska for export purposes. Prepared for the Nebraska Power Review Board (PRB) and submitted to the Nebraska Legislature for consideration, the study also presents options available to policy makers to meet the state’s economic development objectives. The PRB is the state agency with primary jurisdiction over the electric industry in Nebraska.

Based upon a review of state, regional, and national renewable energy and transmission policies, the report identifies the following challenges to wind generation developments in Nebraska:
1. Transmission Constraints: Transmission projects currently in development will provide transmission infrastructure sufficient to integrate at least another 2,000 MW of wind projects. However, achieving the considerably higher target of renewable generation in Nebraska would require a substantial expansion of the state, regional, and interregional transmission systems.
2. Limited and Uncertain Demand for Renewable Energy: The regional market for renewable generation is currently saturated. However, demand for additional renewable generation will likely emerge as costs decline relative to conventional resources, wholesale electricity prices increase, coal plants retire, and new environmental policies are implemented. Nebraska will need to better position itself to be prepared to take advantage of emerging new demand for renewable generation.
3. Less Attractive Economics Compared to Neighboring States: Renewable generation developers in Nebraska face competitive disadvantages relative to some other states in the wind-rich Great Plains region, including lower financial incentives and lower wholesale power prices.
4. Greater Perceived Risks: Due to the requirements of the Certified Renewable Export Facility (CREF) process and limited experience in developing renewable generation under that standard, there is a perception among developers that wind projects in the state are more risky and more difficult to pursue than in neighboring states.

The study discusses both the costs and benefits of supporting renewable generation development in Nebraska. If, after considering these tradeoffs, the Nebraska Legislature chooses to promote the development of renewable resources in the state, the authors identify a number of options available to do so:
1. Develop a State-Wide Transmission Strategy: Addressing future transmission constraints within and outside of Nebraska will be an essential component of the state’s long-term renewable generation strategy. The most effective strategy will likely be a mix of options that can minimize costs to ratepayers while supporting renewable generation development.
2. Additional Tax Incentives: The economic disadvantage faced by renewable developments in Nebraska compared to neighboring states could be addressed through additional economic development incentives..
3. Simplify the CREF Process: To reduce the perceived and actual challenges faced by wind generation developers in Nebraska, the Legislature may consider limiting the CREF process only to the review of environmental impacts, other permits, and the decommissioning plan.
4. Create a State Function to Promote Nebraska Renewables: Similar to other states, Nebraska could consider setting up a function within the Nebraska Department of Economic Development that, with the active and credible support of state policy makers, would promote the state as an attractive location for renewable generation development and help the state achieve its policy goals.

“Nebraska has some of the best wind in the country but a surprisingly low amount of wind generation installed and under development,” said Brattle principal Judy Chang, a co-author of the study. “Nebraska policy makers and legislators have been working to increase the attractiveness of the state to renewable energy developers. They have already reduced some barriers, including those related to limiting public power condemnation rights. We anticipate that Nebraska policy makers will consider the options laid out in our report to make decisions about further improving the economics and regulatory setting for renewable development.”

The study, “Nebraska Renewable Energy Exports: Challenges and Opportunities,” prepared in response to Nebraska Legislative Bill 1115, was authored by Brattle principals Judy Chang and Johannes Pfeifenberger, associate Michael Hagerty, and research analyst Ann Murray. The study, as well as a summary presentation, is available for download below.

— Source: The Brattle Group

MidAmerican energy completes construction

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MidAmerican Energy Company has completed work on four of the five wind farms that make up its 1,050-megawatt Wind VIII project — the largest economic development project in Iowa history.

The three wind farms completed in 2014 — Lundgren in Webster County, Macksburg in Madison County and Wellsburg in Grundy County — account for a total of 511.4 megawatts of wind generation capacity, to go along with the 44.6 megawatts of generation capacity at the Vienna II wind farm in Marshall County, which was completed in 2013. The final piece of the Wind VIII project — the 495-megawatt Highland wind farm in O’Brien County — will be finished by the end of 2015.

“With more than half the turbines in our Wind VIII project up and running, we’ve reached a major milestone in the development of another sustainable energy solution for our customers,” said Adam Wright, vice president, wind generation and development for MidAmerican Energy. “By 2016, we’ll be able to produce enough energy from wind to meet the equivalent of approximately half of the electricity needs of our retail customers.”

The Wind VIII project, announced in May 2013 during a joint press conference with Iowa Governor Terry Branstad, represents an investment by MidAmerican Energy of up to $1.9 billion. With the addition of Wind VIII’s 448 turbines at the five wind farm sites, the company’s wind generation fleet will expand to 1,715 turbines, which can produce enough energy to power the equivalent of more than one million average Iowa homes.

“We are extremely proud of our progress over the last decade in the development of wind energy,” Wright said. “We constructed our first wind farm in 2004, and today MidAmerican Energy is a national leader in wind generation.”

Wright noted that wind energy offers many benefits for MidAmerican Energy customers, communities and the environment.

“Unlike many other forms of energy, wind generation has no fuel costs associated with it, so wind energy helps keep electricity rates stable and affordable for our customers over the long term,” he said.

That’s music to the ears of Iowa officials charged with attracting new business and industry to the state. MidAmerican Energy’s investment in wind energy — by 2016 the company will have spent nearly $6 billion on wind generation projects — has helped make Iowa the nation’s leader in the percentage of energy derived from wind. Both Iowa Governor Terry Branstad and Lieutenant Governor Kim Reynolds have championed wind as an integral component of Iowa’s energy future and a competitive advantage in attracting major tech companies such as Google, Microsoft and Facebook to build facilities in the state.

The economic benefits of wind energy are being felt in communities throughout Iowa. Wright noted that the Wind VIII project provides annual lease payments to the owners of land where wind turbines are constructed and will generate more than $360 million in additional property tax revenues over the next 30 years, benefiting local schools, communities and county governments. Approximately 1,000 construction jobs are being added to the state’s economy during the two-year construction period, and approximately 40 new permanent jobs will be created by the project.

Tom Leners, executive director of the Madison County Development Group, said the Macksburg wind project has been a positive development for residents of the county. “Money spent here during the construction process has been a boon to local businesses, and the additional property tax revenues will benefit local government, schools and all residents in the years to come,” Leners said. “We’ve been pleased to partner with MidAmerican Energy to bring new economic opportunity to this area.”

Wright foresees a bright future for wind generation. “Our customers want more non-carbon energy sources,” he said. “Wind is a key element of MidAmerican Energy’s balanced approach to energy generation, and can be a factor in helping us reduce our carbon intensity and meet more stringent environmental standards. Our decade of investment in wind projects has been good for our customers, good for the environment and good for the state of Iowa.”

MidAmerican Energy Company provides electric service to 739,000 customers and natural gas service to 719,000 customers in Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska and South Dakota. It is headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa. Information about MidAmerican Energy is available on the company’s website, Twitter, Facebook and YouTube pages, which can be accessed via www.midamericanenergy.com.  

— Source: MidAmerican Energy